tats005.002 tats005.002.001 tò, tò OK intj kúmá, kùmà more quant cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋ń'yɔ́'yɔ́ ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- m̀- NC5- nc- 'yɔ́'yɔ́ fish n OK, within fish Mallam tats005.002.002 àzá à- NC2- nc- zá person n hánà hà- AGR2- ag- nà ART art òyónò a- 3PP- agp- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone údɔ̀nì ù- NC7- nc- dɔnɔ follow v -L -COMPL -ntone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro the ones that are following it [i.e. with the hippo in the water] Mallam tats005.002.003 é éví 3PS.PRO pro vvì CDup- AGR8- ag- v- AGR8- ag- ì COP cop pâa pâa here loc it is here Mallam this is cataphoric - he is thinking of the name of this fish tats005.002.004 wáa u- 3PS- agp- á REPRT reprt yìní yìní what question àsìhyã́a a- 3PP- agp- si- HAB- asp- hyãa say v wáa u- 3PS- agp- á REPRT reprt what do they say that [it's name is]? Mallam waa is evidential tats005.002.005 ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n this thing Mallam tats005.002.006 é éví 3PS.PRO pro vvì CDup- AGR8- ag- v- AGR8- agv- ì COP cop pâa pâa here loc kánà, ká- AGR1- ag- nà ART art vínà vì- AGR8- ag- nà ART art kánà ká- AGR1- ag- nà ART art kɔ̀'yɔ́'yɔ́'yɔ́'yɔ́ kà- NC1- nc- 'yɔ́'yɔ́ fish n - - - 'yɔ́'yɔ́ fish n kè kà- AGR1- ag- ì COP cop pâa, pâa here loc àsìhyã́a a- 3PP- agp- si- HAB- asp- hyãa say v wáa, u- 3PS- agp- á REPRT reprt wáa u- 3PS- agp- á REPRT reprt ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n it is here a certain, one certain fish is here. they say that, that Mallam interesting vina and kana tats005.002.007 dòomĩ́, dòmĩ́ because conj àmù àmù 1PS.PRO pro ǹsìpāndāpándà m- 1PS- agp- si- HAB- asp- panda forget v - - - panda forget v àhúlá à- NC2- nc- húlá name n héevì ha- AGR2- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro ǹ ǹ and conj cìcípù tì- NC6- nc- cípù Acipanci n because, me I forget its name in Cicipu Mallam ìnsìpāndāpándà - more evidence for upstep? tats005.002.008 tò tò OK intj OK Mallam tats005.002.009 àmáa àmá but conj ǹ ǹ and conj tìkɔ́gɔ́? tì- NC6- nc- kɔ́gɔ́ Hausa_language n but in Hausa? Stuart tats005.002.010 ǹ ǹ and conj tìkɔ́gɔ́, tì- NC6- nc- kɔ́gɔ́ Hausa_language n sáa sáa or conj ǹ ǹ and conj tìkɔ́gɔ́ tì- NC6- nc- kɔ́gɔ́ Hausa_language n in Hausa, even in Hausa Mallam tats005.002.011 dòomĩ́ dòmĩ́ because conj gó gó TOP part kâiǃ kâi excl intj ǹsìlápá m- 1PS- agp- si- HAB- asp- lapa know v cé cé NEG neg áhúlá à- NC2- nc- húlá name n héevì ha- AGR2- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro sòsái sòsâi indeed adv because kai! I don't really know its name Mallam tats005.002.012 ǹlápà m- 1PS- agp- lapa know v -LHL -RLS -vtone cé cé NEG neg áhúlá à- NC2- nc- húlá name n héevì ha- AGR2- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro sòsái sòsâi indeed adv I don't really know its name Mallam tone on nlapa tats005.002.013 sòsái sòsâi indeed adv Mallam this is more like elder mumble-speak tats005.002.014 dòomĩ́ dòmĩ́ because conj because Mallam tats005.002.015 zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n nnà CDup- AGR8- ag- nà ART art ùyónò u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní, ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n ǹ'yɔ́'yɔ́ m̀- NC5- nc- 'yɔ́'yɔ́ fish n ǹyô m- AGR5- agv- yo be v -LHL -RLS -vtone gẽ̀i gẽ́i much adv the one that is in the water, fish are many Mallam should this be plural? tats005.002.016 víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone gó gó TOP part you see Mallam tats005.002.017 òkóo òkóo there_exists pres kàppícì kà- NC1- nc- ppícì fish_k.o. n there is Kappici Mallam tats005.002.018 òkóo òkóo there_exists pres kò'ṹwõ̀'ṹwõ̀ kà- NC1- nc- 'ṹwõ̀'ṹwõ̀ fish_k.o. n there is ko'unwon'unwon Mallam MY don't know this fish tats005.002.019 kò'ṹwõ̀'ṹwõ̀ kà- NC1- nc- 'ṹwõ̀'ṹwõ̀ fish_k.o. n ko'unwon'unwon Mallam tats005.002.020 sá'à sá'à time n víllè vì- AGR8- ag- llè that dem kúmá kùmà more quant àkwái, òkóo there_exists pres ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n that time there is, this thing Mallam tats005.002.021 wwâa CDup- NC8- nc- wâa fish_k.o. n wwaa Mallam tats005.002.022 òkóo òkóo there_exists pres ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n there was this thing Mallam tats005.002.023 kâiǃ kâi excl intj kai! Mallam said to noisy children sitting next to us tats005.002.024 òkóo, òkóo there_exists pres ìrímpàanì ì- NC3- nc- rímpàanì this_thing n there is, this thing Mallam tats005.002.025 ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n yínà ì- AGR3- ag- nà ART art àsíhyã̀a a- 3PP- agp- si- HAB- asp- hyãa say v kàgásàmáatà kà- NC1- nc- gásàmáatà fish_k.o. n this thing that they call kagasamaata Mallam The tone of this word is different next time it occurs tats005.002.026 ò'íiǃ ò'íi yes intj yes! Mallam in response to me tats005.002.027 kàgásàmáatà kà- NC1- nc- gásàmáatà fish_k.o. n kagasamaata Stuart tats005.002.028 ò'íi ò'íi yes intj kàgásàmáatà kà- NC1- nc- gásàmáatà fish_k.o. n ɗánkàrè... *ɗánkàrè... *** *** ìndúu ìndúu here_is pres màyá'à mà- NC4- nc- yá'à fat n yes kagasamaata excessive there is fat Mallam tats005.002.029 ɗánkàrè... *ɗánkàrè... *** *** màyá'à mà- NC4- nc- yá'à fat n excessive fat Mallam tats005.002.030 ùyô u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -LHL -RLS -vtone 'ínì 'ínì like_that adv it is like that yana haka Mallam tats005.002.031 ɗanɗuro... *ɗanɗuro... *** *** wannai... *wannai... *** *** kàɓúrú, kà- NC1- nc- ɓúrú small_thing n rú'ú rì- NC3- nc- 'ú body n yéevì ì- AGR3- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro sémbù sémbù smooth ideo sémbù sémbù smooth ideo the little beggar, its body is so smooth Mallam kàɓúrú is a word meaning someone not very big, fish or person, or any animate presumably. ɗanɗuro wannai is some kind of Hausa 'insult' sémbù sémbù is Cicipu tats005.002.032 ìndúu ìndúu here_is pres áa... *áa... *** *** kàmá kàmá like conj ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n tòngõ̀... *tòngõ̀... *** *** ùnóo ù- NC7- nc- nóo mouth n wéevì ù- AGR7- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro ǹ ǹ and conj ma̋ttígã́i ma̋- AGR4.GEN- aggen- tì- NC6- nc- gã́i length n there is like this thing ??? its mouth is quite big Mallam mattigain (nc4) is not as big as tigain i.e. 'a little big' - why long t tongon - meaning unclear, but maybe the kind of thing you say when hesitating like irimpa tats005.002.033 mòlóolôo mà- NC4- nc- lóolôo fish_k.o. n Mololo Mallam tats005.002.034 ò'íi ò'íi yes intj yes Mallam tats005.002.035 òkóo òkóo there_exists pres mɔ̀kɔ̃́'ɔ̃́ mà- NC4- nc- kɔ̃́'ɔ̃́ spotted_synodont_catfish n there is Mokon'on Mallam tats005.002.036 àkwái òkóo there_exists pres yyénè CDup- NC8- nc- yénè catfish n there is catfish Mallam tats005.002.037 põ̂ põ̂ all quant cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n all in the water Mallam tats005.002.038 ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yi̋móní i̋- AGR3.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n yìlêe ì- AGR3- ag- lêe there loc these are the things of water Mallam MY wouldn't accept there is an m before iri, which is what I hear tats005.002.039 òkóo òkóo there_exists pres yyénè CDup- NC8- nc- yénè catfish n there is catfish Mallam note variation in akwai/okoo a few lines back tats005.002.040 òkóo òkóo there_exists pres mò'ṹwõ̀'ṹwõ̀ mò- NC4- nc- 'ṹwõ̀'ṹwõ̀ fish_k.o. n there is mo'unwon'unwon Mallam tats005.002.041 àkwái òkóo there_exists pres ma̋kkáppícì ma̋- AGR4.GEN- aggen- kà- NC1- nc- ppícì fish_k.o. n there is Kappici Mallam why long k? tats005.002.042 àkwái òkóo there_exists pres mɔ̀kɔ̃́'ɔ̃́ mà- NC4- nc- kɔ̃́'ɔ̃́ spotted_synodont_catfish n there is mɔkɔn'wɔn Mallam tats005.002.043 òkóo, òkóo there_exists pres ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n there is, this thing Mallam tats005.002.044 ìrímpàanì ì- NC3- nc- rímpàanì this_thing n yyénè CDup- NC8- nc- yénè catfish n this thing catfish Mallam tats005.002.045 yyénè CDup- NC8- nc- yénè catfish n catfish Stuart tats005.002.046 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj yyénè, CDup- NC8- nc- yénè catfish n èvì éví 3PS.PRO pro ùyónò u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹ ǹ and conj kàtĩ̂i kà- NC1- nc- tĩ̂i head n kèpénêu kà- AGR1- ag- pénêu large adj yes, catfish, it has a big head Mallam MY explicitly rejected penau in favour of peneu when I pronounced them tats005.002.047 ée 'ĩ́i yes intj yes Mallam tats005.002.048 evi *evi *** *** ùyôo u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹ ǹ and conj kàtĩ́i kà- NC1- nc- tĩ̂i head n kèpénêu kà- AGR1- ag- pénêu large adj it it has a big head Mallam tats005.002.049 éví éví 3PS.PRO pro yyénè CDup- NC8- nc- yénè catfish n it catfish Mallam tats005.002.050 vúuwà v- 2PS- agp- uwa feel v -LHL -RLS -vtone kóo? kóo or conj you hear? Mallam tats005.002.051 mǔuwà m- 1PS- agp- uwa feel v -LHL -RLS -vtone I hear Stuart tats005.002.052 tò tò OK intj OK Mallam tats005.002.053 hyã̂a hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone masagaata...? *masagaata... *** *** you said masagaata? Stuart tats005.002.054 masagaata...? *masagaata... *** *** masagaata? Mallam tats005.002.055 magasa...? *magasa... *** *** magasa Stuart tats005.002.056 màgàsàmàatá? mà- NC4- nc- gásàmáatà fish_k.o. n magasamaata? Mallam tats005.002.057 màgàsàmàatáǃ mà- NC4- nc- gásàmáatà fish_k.o. n magasamaata! Stuart tats005.002.058 tò, tò OK intj dàmùwá dama tell v -wa -APPL -appl -LH -IMP -vtone tù tù 1PP.PRO pro wúnà wú- 3PS- daff- nà ART art ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n wájén..., *wájén... *** *** yìní yìní what question àhúlá à- NC2- nc- húlá name n héevì? ha- AGR2- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro OK, tell us something about, what's its name? Stuart tats005.002.059 màgàsàmàatá mà- NC4- nc- gásàmáatà fish_k.o. n magasamaata Mallam tats005.002.060 màgàsàmàatá mà- NC4- nc- gásàmáatà fish_k.o. n magasamaata Stuart tats005.002.061 ò'íi, ò'íi yes intj màgàsàmàatá, mà- NC4- nc- gásàmáatà fish_k.o. n kà-írímpàanì kà- NC1- nc- ì- NC3- nc- rímpàanì this_thing n yes, magasamaata, this thing Mallam why nc1? Perhaps because that is the more normal gender for this fish? tats005.002.062 mánà mà- AGR4- ag- nà ART art mɔ́'yɔ́'yɔ́ mà- NC4- nc- 'yɔ́'yɔ́ fish n mè m- AGR4- ag- ì COP cop it's a certain fish Mallam tats005.002.063 mòyôo ma- AGR4- agv- yo be v -LHL -RLS -vtone rú'ú rì- NC3- nc- 'ú body n yéevì ì- AGR3- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro sémbù sémbù smooth ideo it has its body smooth Mallam gender ag because of agreement with previous clause. This influence is also to do with proximity (what Jack Hawkins was talking about) in the speech stream, not just phrase structure or grammatical functions tats005.002.064 tò, tò OK intj màgàsàmàatá, mà- NC4- nc- gásàmáatà fish_k.o. n éví éví 3PS.PRO pro dá'à, dá'à moreover adv éví éví 3PS.PRO pro tìsìhyã́a ti- 1PP- agp- si- HAB- asp- hyãa say v màgàsàmàatá mà- NC4- nc- gásàmáatà fish_k.o. n OK, magasamaata, it, it we call magasamaata Mallam tats005.002.065 tò tò OK intj émpè émpè this pro kúmá kùmà more quant zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n nnà CDup- AGR8- ag- nà ART art ùyónò u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone mő-únóo ma̋- AGR4.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- nóo mouth n méevì m- AGR4- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro ǹ ǹ and conj tìgã́i tì- NC6- nc- gã́i length n OK and this one the one which has it's long little mouth Mallam tats005.002.066 tìsìhyĩ̂i ti- 1PP- agp- si- HAB- asp- hyãa say v vì vì 3PS.PRO pro mòlóolôo mà- NC4- nc- lóolôo fish_k.o. n we call it molooloo Mallam tats005.002.067 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj mòlóolôo mà- NC4- nc- lóolôo fish_k.o. n yes, mololo Mallam tats005.002.068 tò, tò OK intj kàppícì kà- NC1- nc- ppícì fish_k.o. n gó gó TOP part OK, kappici Mallam tats005.002.069 éví éví 3PS.PRO pro ùɗáanà u- 3PS- agp- ɗaa surpass v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone bâa báa there_is_no neg ùpácí ù- NC7- nc- pácí difficulty n wűuwútónó wű- AGR7.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- uto rise v -na -VENT -vent it is not difficult for it to come out ya fi - fitowa Mallam búupàcì tats005.002.070 éví éví 3PS.PRO pro kàppícì kà- NC1- nc- ppícì fish_k.o. n the kappici Mallam tats005.002.071 ká'à ká'à now adv pâa pâa here loc wúuwùtònò u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- uto rise v -na -VENT -vent -HL -IRR -vtone féll fél darting ideo ǹ ǹ and conj àyã̂a a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone kàyímá kà- NC1- nc- yímá trapping n now here it will come out darting around when they do trapping Mallam tats005.002.072 ká'à ká'à now adv pâa pâa here loc wúuwùtònò u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- uto rise v -na -VENT -vent -HL -IRR -vtone féll fél darting ideo úsùmà u- 3PS- agp- sima run v -HL -IRR -vtone now here it will come out darting around and flee zai fito Mallam tats005.002.073 ká'à ká'à now adv lêe lêe there loc wúuwùtònò u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- uto rise v -na -VENT -vent -HL -IRR -vtone now there it will come out Mallam tats005.002.074 ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n kúmá kùmà more quant this thing Mallam tats005.002.075 ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n this thing Mallam tats005.002.076 mòlóolôo mà- NC4- nc- lóolôo fish_k.o. n kúmá kùmà more quant éví éví 3PS.PRO pro wúuɗà u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- ɗà be aux cé cé NEG neg ùpácí ù- NC7- nc- pácí difficulty n vésì vésì too adv and Molooloo isn't difficult to catch either Mallam tats005.002.077 tò tò OK intj sée sée unless conj gó gó TOP part ùɗà u- 3PS- agp- ɗà be aux cé cé NEG neg úpácí ù- NC7- nc- pácí difficulty n wűusámá wű- AGR7.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- sama rot v OK it isn't difficult for it to rot Mallam tats005.002.078 bâa báa there_is_no neg ùpácí ù- NC7- nc- pácí difficulty n wűusámá wű- AGR7.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- sama rot v there's no difficulty of rotting Mallam tats005.002.079 ǹ ǹ and conj ùɗánkôo u- 3PS- agp- ɗan little aux - - - koo die v pâa pâa here loc lóokàcí lóokàcí time n yàaní yàanú who question vì, v- AGR8- ag- ì COP cop ùsámà u- 3PS- agp- sama rot v -LHL -RLS -vtone it dies quickly, and it will rot quickly(???) Mallam meaning s.t like the fish dies quickly, and it will rot quickly (?) tats005.002.080 tò, tò OK intj ìrímpàanì ì- NC3- nc- rímpàanì this_thing n yyénè, CDup- NC8- nc- yénè catfish n éví éví 3PS.PRO pro ùsìdéɗé u- 3PS- agp- si- HAB- asp- deɗe stay_long v OK, this thing catfish, it stays Mallam tats005.002.081 ő a̋ LOC prep móní, mà- NC4- nc- ní water n sáa sáa or conj dàa dàa CNFCT part áyã̀a a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -HL -IRR -vtone káyímá, kà- NC1- nc- yímá trapping n wúudèɗè u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- deɗe stay_long v -HL -IRR -vtone édèɗè a- 3PP- agp- deɗe stay_long v -HL -IRR -vtone édèɗè, a- 3PP- agp- deɗe stay_long v -HL -IRR -vtone báabù..., *báabù... *** *** kàyímá kà- NC1- nc- yímá trapping n kɔ̀'ɔ́pì ka- AGR1- agv- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro in the water, when they do trapping, it will stay long, they will stay long they will stay long, nothing, trapping takes it [i.e. eventually] Mallam definite high tone on the prefix of kɔ́'ɔ́pì. tats005.002.082 sá'à sá'à time n nnà CDup- AGR8- ag- nà ART art kàyímá kà- NC1- nc- yímá trapping n kɔ̀'ɔ́pì ka- AGR1- agv- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro when trapping takes him Mallam tats005.002.083 sá'à sá'à time n víllè, vì- AGR8- ag- llè that dem tò tò OK intj dá'à, dá'à moreover adv mòní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n màyã̂a ma- AGR4- agv- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone sòsái, sòsâi indeed adv màsíɗùwà ma- AGR4- agv- siɗu heat v -wa -ANTIC -antic -LHL -RLS -vtone that time, moreover, water was plentiful, it spoiled Mallam urunku. Literally 'it becomes hot'. tats005.002.084 tò tò OK intj dá'à dá'à moreover adv sá'à sá'à time n víllè vì- AGR8- ag- llè that dem vúuzàa v- 2PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- zaa see v -HL -IRR -vtone ùhwáarà u- 3PS- agp- hwaara start v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùwútònò ù- NC7- nc- uto rise v -na -VENT -vent OK that time you will see it starts coming out Mallam tats005.002.085 ùhwáarà u- 3PS- agp- hwaara start v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùwútònò ù- NC7- nc- uto rise v -na -VENT -vent it starts coming out Mallam tats005.002.086 ń ń if conj gó gó TOP part 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc wúutùwònò u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- uto rise v -wa -APPL -appl -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kátĩ́i kà- NC1- nc- tĩ̂i head n when it brings out its head yā fito da kai Mallam tats005.002.087 bàmbàrán...ǃ *bàmbàrán... *** *** huge! Mallam Hausa tats005.002.088 'ínà 'ínà some quant zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n vûuwà v- 2PS- agp- uwa feel v -HL -IRR -vtone ùtã̂a u- 3PS- agp- tãa shoot v -LHL -RLS -vtone kíipǃ kíip penetration? ideo someone would hear he had shot kiip! kà ji yā harba Mallam kiip is the sound of the bullet entering someone. tats005.002.089 tò, tò OK intj 'ínà 'ínà some quant zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n hínà, hínà TOP part sée sée unless conj ǹ ǹ and conj àzîi a- 3PP- agp- zaa see v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro a̋ a̋ LOC prep úgálù ù- NC7- nc- gálù side n sée sée unless conj ɔ́'ɔ̀pìsànù a- 3PP- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -nu -RES -res -HL -IRR -vtone -is- -CAUS- -caus- OK, other people, when they see it at the side then they grab it Mallam cakuta = verb meaning something like 'grab'. cakitisanu means grab with real force, not sure about cakutanu... 'ɔpɔ (hold) 'ɔpanu (grab) 'ɔpisanu (grab with even more force). tats005.002.090 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj 'ínà 'ínà some quant zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n hínà hínà TOP part ǹ ǹ and conj wǔutònò u- 3PS- agp- uto rise v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone sée sée unless conj íttã̀a i- 2PS.IRR- agpi- CDup- 2PS- agpl- tãa shoot v -HL -IRR -vtone yes, others when it comes out you shoot dà yā fito sai kà harba Mallam hypothesis: 'ina is used to mean other, wuna etc... to mean certain tats005.002.091 lápà lapa know v -LHL -RLS -vtone òtù òtù 1PP.PRO pro tìyô ti- 1PP- agp- yo be v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹ ǹ and conj ùtã̂a ù- NC7- nc- tã̂a bow (hunting) n you know us we have bows Mallam tats005.002.092 ǹ ǹ and conj àhyã́'ã̀ à- NC2- nc- hyã́'ã̀ arrow n and arrows Mallam tats005.002.093 rìhyã́'ã̀ rì- NC3- nc- hyã́'ã̀ arrow n arrow Mallam tats005.002.094 sée sée unless conj íyyɔ̀nɔ̀ i- 2PS.IRR- agpi- CDup- 2PS- agpl- yɔnɔ pull v -HL -IRR -vtone sée sée unless conj íttã̀a i- 2PS.IRR- agpi- CDup- 2PS- agpl- tãa shoot v -HL -IRR -vtone kíipǃ kíip penetration? ideo you pull then you shoot Mallam kíip is Hausa, sound of arrow entering body MY insists on long [y:], I can't hear it tats005.002.095 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj tò tò OK intj vugavugavugavuga... *vugavugavugavuga... *** *** sée sée unless conj ɔ́'ɔ̀pɔ̀ a- 3PP- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -HL -IRR -vtone yes, very quickly they catch Mallam vugavuga is Hausa for quickly tats005.002.096 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj ka... *ka... *** *** ji..., *ji... *** *** tò tò OK intj yyénè CDup- NC8- nc- yénè catfish n ví, v- AGR8- ag- ì COP cop áhyã̀a a- 3PP- agp- hyãa say v -HL -IRR -vtone wóoooooo..., *wóoooooo... *** *** ánnà ánnà today adv wáaní wáaní so-and-so n tã̂a tãa shoot v -LHL -RLS -vtone yyénè CDup- NC8- nc- yénè catfish n wáaní wáaní so-and-so n tã̂a tãa shoot v -LHL -RLS -vtone yyénè CDup- NC8- nc- yénè catfish n yes, you hear, OK it's a catfish, they say woooo! today so-and-so shot a catfish, so-and-so shot a catfish! Mallam ka ji is Hausa tats005.002.097 tò, tò OK intj nì ǹ and conj ttã̂a, CDup- 2PS- agpl- tãa shoot v -LHL -RLS -vtone víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone ere, *ere *** *** ìrímpàanì ì- NC3- nc- rímpàanì this_thing n yínà ì- AGR3- ag- nà ART art tìsíyã̀a ti- 1PP- agp- si- HAB- asp- yãa do v 'ínì 'ínì like_that adv OK, when you shoot, you see them, this thing which we do like that Mallam tats005.002.098 yyénè, CDup- NC8- nc- yénè catfish n tìsìyã́a ti- 1PP- agp- si- HAB- asp- yãa do v 'ínì 'ínì like_that adv catfish, we do like that Mallam tats005.002.099 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj tìsìyã́a ti- 1PP- agp- si- HAB- asp- yãa do v 'ínì 'ínì like_that adv yes, we do like that Mallam tats005.002.100 tò, tò OK intj kàyímá kà- NC1- nc- yímá trapping n yes, trapping Mallam tats005.002.101 kà'ámìntà... *kà'ámìntà... *** *** is done well Mallam 'aminta is Hausa tats005.002.102 dòomĩ́ dòmĩ́ because conj àkwái òkóo there_exists pres because there is Mallam tats005.002.103 àkwái òkóo there_exists pres kánà ká- AGR1- ag- nà ART art àsíhyã̀a a- 3PP- agp- si- HAB- asp- hyãa say v ka̋mágítá ka̋- AGR1.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- gítá trapping_k.o. n there is one [trapping] that they call kamagita Mallam tats005.002.104 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj ákùmbà a- 3PP- agp- kumba climb v -HL -IRR -vtone gíihwá... *gíihwá... *** *** yes, they climb ??? Mallam gíihwá is not known by MY - could it be Hausa kifa 'invert'? or gefe 'edge'? tats005.002.105 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj òkóo, òkóo there_exists pres wúnà wú- 3PS- daff- nà ART art àsíhyã̀a, a- 3PP- agp- si- HAB- asp- hyãa say v ki̋irímpà ka̋- AGR1.GEN- aggen- ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n yes, there is, one [trapping, I think] they call, of this thing Mallam note alternation between kana and wuna, Could this be counted as a gender/person progression? tats005.002.106 márúwó mà- NC4- nc- rúwó trapping_k.o. n maruwo Mallam Cicipu word, MY doesn't know meaning tats005.002.107 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj éví, éví 3PS.PRO pro ùyô u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹ ǹ and conj ìrímpàanì, ì- NC3- nc- rímpàanì this_thing n àggájì à- NC2- nc- ggájì shrub_k.o. n yes, it it is with this thing, shrubs (k.o.) Mallam kàggájì is a kind of shrub with leaves evi here, refers to maruwo, which I think is a kind of trapping tats005.002.108 eh-heh..., *eh-heh... *** *** àggájì à- NC2- nc- ggájì shrub_k.o. n yes, aggaji Mallam tats005.002.109 òkóo òkóo there_exists pres ka̋asídá ka̋- AGR1.GEN- aggen- à- NC2- nc- sídá tree_k.o. n there is [hunting] of asida Mallam kàsídá/àsídá is a kind of tree whose leaves deoxidise the water tats005.002.110 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj ka̋asídá, ka̋- AGR1.GEN- aggen- à- NC2- nc- sídá tree_k.o. n kàsìyã́a ka- AGR1- agv- si- HAB- asp- yãa do v kàhĩ́'ĩ̀ kà- NC1- nc- hĩ́'ĩ̀ night n kònósì kà- AGR1- ag- nósì four num yes, of asida, it does four nights Mallam i.e. they leave the leaves in the pool for four nights tats005.002.111 ka̋asídá, ka̋- AGR1.GEN- aggen- à- NC2- nc- sídá tree_k.o. n àsídá à- NC2- nc- sídá tree_k.o. n of asida, asida Mallam tats005.002.112 tò, tò OK intj húuyã̀a a- 3PP- agp- u- FUT- tns- yãa do v -HL -IRR -vtone káyímá kà- NC1- nc- yímá trapping n ǹ ǹ and conj èré éré 3PP.PRO pro OK, they do trapping with them Mallam tats005.002.113 tò tò OK intj àsìyã́a a- 3PP- agp- si- HAB- asp- yãa do v kàhĩ́'ĩ̀ kà- NC1- nc- hĩ́'ĩ̀ night n kònósì kà- AGR1- ag- nósì four num OK they do four nights Mallam tats005.002.114 dòorí dòorí formerly adv èpétìlè a- 3PP- agp- pete split v -LHL -RLS -vtone -ìl- -PLAC- -plac- pétìlè pete split v -LHL -RLS -vtone -ìl- -PLAC- -plac- pétìlè pete split v -LHL -RLS -vtone -ìl- -PLAC- -plac- pétìlè pete split v -LHL -RLS -vtone -ìl- -PLAC- -plac- sée sée unless conj ó'ùgònù a- 3PP- agp- 'ugo thrown_away v -nu -RES -res -HL -IRR -vtone ótú òtù 1PP.PRO pro dá'à dá'à moreover adv cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n formerly they split split split split then they threw, us, in the water Mallam they cut up the branches(?) and leaves and threw them in the water 'ugo or 'ugu? tats005.002.115 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj tò tò OK intj ǹ ǹ and conj àtũ̂u a- 3PP- agp- tũu pour v -LHL -RLS -vtone yì, ì- AGR3- ag- ì PRO ncpro tò tò OK intj húunì'wà a- 3PP- agp- u- FUT- tns- nii'wa melt v -HL -IRR -vtone kàhĩ́'ĩ̀ kà- NC1- nc- hĩ́'ĩ̀ night n kònósì kà- AGR1- ag- nósì four num yes, OK when they pour them, they will soak for four nights Mallam yì was used because they pour [things] - iri long or short /i/ in ni'wa? tats005.002.116 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n kúmá kùmà more quant yes, and this thing Mallam tats005.002.117 evi *evi *** *** kàggájì kà- NC1- nc- ggájì shrub_k.o. n ká'à ká'à now adv ví v- AGR8- ag- ì COP cop it kaggaji is now Mallam i.e. you don't have to wait with this kind of trapping tats005.002.118 ǹ ǹ and conj ògòlòní, a- 3PP- agp- golo cut v -na -VENT -vent -i -DEP -vaff ǹ ǹ and conj ògòlònú, a- 3PP- agp- golo cut v -nu -RES -res -i -DEP -vaff sée sée unless conj àvâyànù a- 3PP- agp- vayu lose v -nu -RES -res -LHL -RLS -vtone àvâyànù a- 3PP- agp- vayu lose v -nu -RES -res -LHL -RLS -vtone ùyã́a ù- NC7- nc- yãa do v kűugólónú kű- AGR9.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- golo cut v -nu -RES -res ùyã́a ù- NC7- nc- yãa do v kűugólónú, kű- AGR9.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- golo cut v -nu -RES -res mòní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n mè m- AGR4- ag- ì COP cop mò'úyónò mà- AGR4- ag- 'úyó light adj when they cut down, when they cut up, then they throw them in doing cutting, the water becomes whitish Mallam first they cut down branches and leaves, then they cut them up into the water. golono/golonu are the base forms. The -nu in golonu seems to contribute 'cutting up completely', while that of vaayanu seems to contribute throwing something away completely into a pit (remember that for falling into a pit yuwonu had to be used). tats005.002.119 ée 'ĩ́i yes intj yes Mallam tats005.002.120 tò, tò OK intj áyã̀a a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -HL -IRR -vtone kűugólónú kű- AGR9.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- golo cut v -nu -RES -res áyã̀a a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -HL -IRR -vtone kűugólónú kű- AGR9.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- golo cut v -nu -RES -res áyã̀a a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -HL -IRR -vtone kűugólónú kű- AGR9.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- golo cut v -nu -RES -res áyã̀a a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -HL -IRR -vtone kűugólónú kű- AGR9.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- golo cut v -nu -RES -res OK they do cutting, they do cutting, they do cutting, they do cutting Mallam tats005.002.121 tò tò OK intj ǹ ǹ and conj ògólònù a- 3PP- agp- golo cut v -nu -RES -res -LHL -RLS -vtone hwá hwá definitely part OK when they cut them up Mallam tats005.002.122 ká'à ká'à now adv lêe lêe there loc now there Mallam I think this means you don't have to wait tats005.002.123 ǹ'yɔ́'yɔ́ m̀- NC5- nc- 'yɔ́'yɔ́ fish n vúuzàa v- 2PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- zaa see v -HL -IRR -vtone pàcál... *pàcál... *** *** típàcál... *típàcál... *** *** pàcál... *pàcál... *** *** típàcál... *típàcál... *** *** ǹhyã́a m- 1PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone vù vù 2PS.SG pro kàyímá kà- NC1- nc- yímá trapping n kɔ́'ɔ́pɔ̀ ka- AGR1- agv- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone fish you will find splashing, I told you trapping caught Mallam pacal is Hausa, noise of s.t. falling into shallow water tats005.002.124 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj sòsái sòsâi indeed adv yes, very much Mallam tats005.002.125 àmáa àmá but conj dòorínà dòorínà hippo n hínà? hínà TOP part but what about hippo? Stuart tats005.002.126 dòorí, dòorí formerly adv àmáa àmá but conj ká'à ká'à now adv bâa báa there_is_no neg mòní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n formerly, but now there's no water Mallam MMG thought I said doori, nor doorina! tats005.002.127 àmáa àmá but conj dòorí dòorí formerly adv àkwái òkóo there_exists pres but before there was? Stuart still thinking we're talking about hippos tats005.002.128 dòorí, dòorí formerly adv ìrímpà, ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n pâa pâa here loc a̋ a̋ LOC prep íɗáa ì- NC3- nc- ɗáa ground n yímpà, ì- AGR3- ag- mpà this dem dòorí dòorí formerly adv kùjénè kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n kúllè kù- AGR9- ag- llè that dem formerly, this thing, here in this land, formerly that river Mallam tats005.002.129 víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone you see Mallam tats005.002.130 xxx *xxx *** *** Mallam check tats005.002.131 víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone you see Mallam tats005.002.132 kùjénè kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n kúMàkùukù... *kúMàkùukù... *** *** river of Makuku Mallam tats005.002.133 àkwái? òkóo there_exists pres there were Stuart asking about hippos tats005.002.134 víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone wúnà wú- 3PS- daff- nà ART art 'ásù 'ásù place n lêe lêe there loc àsíhyã̀a a- 3PP- agp- si- HAB- asp- hyãa say v rùgúncí... *rùgúncí... *** *** you see a certain place there they call Rugunci Mallam Rugunci is west of Makuku a little way in Kambari territory. It's a big pool with crocodiles, the king of Korisino is said to do rituals there [although he's not supposed to leave the mountain]. He eats fish brought from there. However it's always been avaɗi land not Acipu. MY said somebody died while washing there not long ago. tats005.002.135 víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone hé? ha- AGR2- ag- ì PRO ncpro you saw them Stuart hippos tats005.002.136 víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone rúgúncí *rúgúncí *** *** kóo? kóo or conj you saw Rugunci? Mallam tats005.002.137 rùgúncí... *rùgúncí... *** *** é éví 3PS.PRO pro vvì CDup- AGR8- ag- v- AGR8- ag- ì COP cop lêe lêe there loc Rugunci, it's there Mallam i.e. Rugunci is there é vvè lêe tats005.002.138 ǹ ǹ and conj mòní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n with water Mallam tats005.002.139 tò, tò OK intj sée sée unless conj zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n yã̀a yãa do v -L -INF -vtone kù'ízé'ṹ kù- NC9- nc- 'ize'ẽ wash v OK, people do washing Mallam i.e. of clothes/pots tats005.002.140 lêe lêe there loc ìvɔ́ ìvɔ́ 2PS.PRO pro lêe lêe there loc kù'ízé'ṹ kù- NC9- nc- 'ize'ẽ wash v there you are there washing Mallam tats005.002.141 tò, tò OK intj ń ń if conj nì ǹ and conj kkɔ́tɔ̀ CDup- 2PS- agpl- kɔtɔ finish v -LHL -RLS -vtone kú'izé'ṹ kù- NC9- nc- 'ize'ẽ wash v OK, if you finish washing Mallam check is this 2PS or 3PS, same next line tats005.002.142 dúkwà dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone a̋ a̋ LOC prep úgálù ù- NC7- nc- gálù side n dóonù doonu sit_down v -LHL -RLS -vtone you go to the side and sit down Mallam verb tone? tats005.002.143 shi... *shi... *** *** ke... *ke... *** *** nan... *nan... *** *** that's that Mallam tats005.002.144 múu mɔ́ɔ child n -PL -PL -pl mmóní mi̋- AGR5.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n míllè mì- AGR5- ag- llè that dem sée sée unless conj míkàbà mi- AGR5- agv- kaba take v -HL -IRR -vtone kàráyì kà- NC1- nc- ráyì life n ka̋zzá ka̋- AGR1.GEN- aggen- CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n those water babies will take the life of a person Mallam tats005.002.145 sée sée unless conj álàhà a- 3PP- agp- naha leave v -HL -IRR -vtone zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n they leave a person Mallam i.e. they leave him without life tats005.002.146 bâa báa there_is_no neg zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n no-one Mallam does this mean no-onr goes any longer out of fear? tats005.002.147 íyàaká íyàaká limit n zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n híndà a- 3PP- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n ùdángánúuní ù- NC7- nc- danganu lean_against v -ni -NMLZ -nom ő a̋ LOC prep cúkṹu tì- NC6- nc- kũ̂u stalk n tűuɗángà, ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- ɗángà tree n ùdóonúuní ù- NC7- nc- doonu sit_down v -ni -NMLZ -nom tékè... *tékè... *** *** ùyôo u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùkóoní ù- NC7- nc- koo die v -ni -NMLZ -nom the end of the person, if someone is seen leaning at the foot of a tree, sitting, for sure he is dead Mallam teke is Hausa I think, but I thought it meant s.t. like useless? tats005.002.148 tò, tò OK intj ɔ̀sɔ́'ũ̀ a- 3PP- agp- sɔ'ũ touch v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùyã́a ù- NC7- nc- yãa do v 'ínì, 'ínì like_that adv tò tò OK intj àzá à- NC2- nc- zá person n ɔ̀kɔ́tɔ̀ a- 3PP- agp- kɔtɔ finish v -LHL -RLS -vtone àsímà a- 3PP- agp- sima run v -LHL -RLS -vtone OK, when it happened like that[???], OK people finished and they ran Mallam MY says kɔtɔ means they stopped going there, they finished with the place out of fear tats005.002.149 húuwà a- 3PP- agp- uwa feel v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùpácí ù- NC7- nc- pácí difficulty n they felt difficulty Mallam tats005.002.150 àsímà a- 3PP- agp- sima run v -LHL -RLS -vtone they ran Mallam tats005.002.151 sáa sáa or conj yàanú yàanú who question lápà lapa know v -LHL -RLS -vtone ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yíllè, ì- AGR3- ag- llè that dem sáa sáa or conj yàanú yàanú who question lápà lapa know v -LHL -RLS -vtone 'ĩ́i, 'ĩ́i yes intj ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yíllè ì- AGR3- ag- llè that dem kàgàskíyá kà- NC1- nc- gàskíyá truth n kàcé kà- AGR1- ag- cé NEG neg everyone knew this thing was not true Mallam i.e. they knew the place was faithless and untrustworthy tats005.002.152 tò, tò OK intj háayà a- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àsímà a- 3PP- agp- sima run v -LHL -RLS -vtone OK, then they fled Mallam tats005.002.153 ée 'ĩ́i yes intj yes Mallam tats005.002.154 àmáa àmá but conj ìvɔ́ ìvɔ́ 2PS.PRO pro hínà, hínà TOP part víndà?, v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone hé? ha- AGR2- ag- ì PRO ncpro but as for you, did you see, did you see them? Stuart still talking about hippos... tats005.002.155 wɔ́p...ǃ *wɔ́p... *** *** ??? Mallam Hausa? Meaning? tats005.002.156 víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone hé? ha- AGR2- ag- ì PRO ncpro did you see them? Stuart tats005.002.157 ìrímpà, ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n rùgúncí...? *rùgúncí... *** *** this thing, Rugunci? Mallam tats005.002.158 dòorínà dòorínà hippo n hippo Stuart tats005.002.159 míndà m- 1PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone dòorínà dòorínà hippo n I saw hippo Mallam tats005.002.160 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj míndà m- 1PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone dòorínà dòorínà hippo n dòorí dòorí formerly adv yes, I saw hippo formerly Mallam tats005.002.161 ái âi assent intj sáa sáa or conj lálà lálà this_year adv dòorínà dòorínà hippo n ù'wâa u- 3PS- agp- 'waa pass v -LHL -RLS -vtone pâa pâa here loc ai! even this year a hippo passed here Mallam tone on lala tats005.002.162 ǹ ǹ and conj rúusì rì- NC3- nc- úsì rainy_season n in the rainy season Mallam tats005.002.163 lálà lálà this_year adv this year Mallam tats005.002.164 ǹ ǹ and conj rúusì? rì- NC3- nc- úsì rainy_season n in the rainy season? Stuart tats005.002.165 ù'wâa u- 3PS- agp- 'waa pass v -LHL -RLS -vtone pâa pâa here loc ǹ ǹ and conj rúusì rì- NC3- nc- úsì rainy_season n he passed here in the rainy season Mallam tats005.002.166 méngé méngé child n kwá'à kù- NC9- nc- 'wá'à compound n kúvô, kù- AGR9- ag- vô 1PS.POSS ppro mánà mà- AGR4- ag- nà ART art mòyónò ma- AGR4- agv- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone 'índè 'índè there loc a child of my house, one who lives there Mallam tone phonetically is H H M M M ML. Does this count as downstep after kwa'a? tats005.002.167 'índè 'índè there loc there Mallam tats005.002.168 'índè 'índè there loc a̋ a̋ LOC prep ázá à- NC2- nc- zá person n kwángwà... *kwángwà... *** *** there with the people of Kwangwa Mallam Kwángwà is a town just beyond Rukuntu mountain note use of locative 'a' rather than 'in' tats005.002.169 àyã̂a a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone ńkácí m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n méevì? m̀- AGR5- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro they hunted it? Stuart tats005.002.170 hànú hànú where question yàaní yàanú who question 'ísànùunà? 'isanu stand v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone where who stood? Mallam something like 'who could stand before it'? tats005.002.171 sáa sáa or conj yàanú yàanú who question símàǃ sima run v -LHL -RLS -vtone everyone fled! Mallam tone on saa (and next) tats005.002.172 sáa sáa or conj yàanú yàanú who question símàǃ sima run v -LHL -RLS -vtone everyone fled! Mallam tats005.002.173 ánà ánà when conj ùyôonò u- 3PS- agp- yoo go v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone a̋ a̋ LOC prep kújénè, kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n wǎayà u- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone wíndà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone ìrímpà, ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n àyáyù à- NC2- nc- yáyù root n hőróogò ha̋- AGR2.GEN- aggen- róogò cassava n when he went to the river, then he saw this thing, roots of cassava Mallam note difference in vowel length with 'moyono' a few sentences back tats005.002.174 kùjénè kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n kù-yã̂a-nà-nnà ku- AGR9- agv- yãa do v -na -VENT -vent -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone the water had come up ya yiwo Mallam i.e. there was a lot of water at that time. tats005.002.175 kùkábànnà ku- AGR9- agv- kaba take v -n -VENT -vent -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone wíndà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone àyáyù à- NC2- nc- yáyù root n hőróogò ha̋- AGR2.GEN- aggen- róogò cassava n ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone dáɗà dá'à moreover adv nàhá naha leave v -LH -IMP -vtone úyòo u- 3PS- agp- yoo go v -HL -IRR -vtone úkàbànà, u- 3PS- agp- kaba take v -na -VENT -vent -HL -IRR -vtone wǎayà u- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone wíndà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone írí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n pâa pâa here loc gã́ããǃ gã́ãã huge ideo it [river] took, he saw cassava roots he said let him go and bring, then he saw a thing here gaaaaan! Mallam gaaaaan is Cicipu, used to describe huge person or creature. tats005.002.176 ùyánkànù... *ùyánkànù... *** *** ìláɗì ì- NC3- nc- láɗì speed n he took to his heels at once Mallam yanka is Hausa. It means slaughter but also 'took to his heels' (Bargery) nilaɗi? tats005.002.177 ùsímà u- 3PS- agp- sima run v -LHL -RLS -vtone he ran Mallam tats005.002.178 tò, tò OK intj éví, éví 3PS.PRO pro émpè émpè this pro kúmá, kùmà more quant kàmã́yã̀ kà- NC1- nc- mã́yã̀ elder n kóvô, kà- AGR1- ag- vô 1PS.POSS ppro 'índè 'índè there loc a̋ a̋ LOC prep ùpású ù- NC7- nc- pàsù across n OK, him, that one, my elder brother, there across Mallam across the stream tats005.002.179 ùdúkwà u- 3PS- agp- dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone kùjénè, kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n ùdúkwà u- 3PS- agp- dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone újòolùnò u- 3PS- agp- joolu check v -na -VENT -vent -HL -IRR -vtone cì'ádì tì- NC6- nc- 'ádì trap n he went to the river, he went to check a trap Mallam This is a different story to what Mallam's just told us! tats005.002.180 'ásù 'ásù place n wúnà wú- AGR7- ag- nà ART art wúujòolù u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- joolu check v -HL -IRR -vtone híndè híndè like_this adv ɗánnímá... *ɗánnímá... *** *** wíndì u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì 3PS.PRO pro pâa pâa here loc the place he would check the rascal he saw it here Mallam tats005.002.181 a̋ a̋ LOC prep úkúmbànà ù- NC7- nc- kumba climb v -na -VENT -vent up here hawowa Mallam tats005.002.182 a̋ a̋ LOC prep úkúmbà ù- NC7- nc- kumba climb v up hawa Mallam does this mean the animal was moving at the time? tats005.002.183 a̋ a̋ LOC prep úkúmbà ù- NC7- nc- kumba climb v géɗù géɗù high n up on top Mallam tats005.002.184 ùtánnà u- 3PS- agp- tanna descend v -LHL -RLS -vtone cé cé NEG neg he didn't come down Mallam tats005.002.185 ù'wâa u- 3PS- agp- 'waa pass v -LHL -RLS -vtone a̋ a̋ LOC prep úkúmbá ù- NC7- nc- kumba climb v he went passed up [i.e. on the bank, not in the water] Mallam tats005.002.186 ùnɔ̂ɔ u- 3PS- agp- nɔɔ give v -LHL -RLS -vtone kűukúmbá kű- AGR9.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- kumba climb v ǹ ǹ and conj géɗù géɗù high n he did climbing up on top Mallam interesting use of nɔɔ - see also tats008 tats005.002.187 wí ù- AGR7- ag- ì PRO ncpro wì ù- AGR7- ag- ì COP cop wúnà wú- 3PS- daff- nà ART art 'ásù? 'ásù place n It was in another place? Stuart Not sure what I meant by this tats005.002.188 ò'íi, ò'íi yes intj wí ù- AGR7- ag- ì PRO ncpro wì ù- AGR7- ag- ì COP cop wúnà wú- 3PS- daff- nà ART art 'ásù, 'ásù place n wí ù- AGR7- ag- ì PRO ncpro wì ù- AGR7- ag- ì COP cop 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc síyà, síyà side n yìní, yìní what question kɔ́bɔ̀kɔ̀... *kɔ́bɔ̀kɔ̀... *** *** yes, it was another place, it was there by, what, Kɔbɔkɔ Mallam Kɔbɔkɔ is a town, but MM did not know where it is tats005.002.189 údùkwà u- 3PS- agp- dukwa go v -HL -IRR -vtone kɔ́bɔ̀kɔ̀... *kɔ́bɔ̀kɔ̀... *** *** towards Kɔbɔkɔ Mallam tats005.002.190 tò tò OK intj 'úunì 'ũ̂ there loc -ni -NMLZ -nom ń ń if conj báa báa there_is_no neg kɔ́bɔ̀kɔ̀... *kɔ́bɔ̀kɔ̀... *** *** cé cé NEG neg báa báa there_is_no neg kùjénè kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n bâa báa there_is_no neg kóomí... *kóomí... *** *** bâa báa there_is_no neg mòní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n kúmá kùmà more quant ká'à ká'à now adv OK there, if it weren't for Kɔbɔkɔ, there would be no water anywhere Mallam structure is obscure here tats005.002.191 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj sée sée unless conj 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc yes, just there Mallam tats005.002.192 'úunì 'ũ̂ there loc -ni -NMLZ -nom vì, v- AGR8- ag- ì COP cop ìrímpà, ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n kùsɔ̃́ɔ kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n kùyónò ku- AGR9- agv- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone it was there that this thing, the pool was Mallam tats005.002.193 dòorí dòorí formerly adv pâa pâa here loc formerly here Mallam tats005.002.194 bòyóo... *bòyóo... *** *** Boyoo Mallam tats005.002.195 nì ǹ and conj Bùtáarí... *Bùtáarí... *** *** and Butaari Mallam tats005.002.196 àsíráa... *àsíráa... *** *** Asiraa Mallam tats005.002.197 màsàwúuɓó... *màsàwúuɓó... *** *** Masawuuɓo Mallam tats005.002.198 mògórìyó... *mògórìyó... *** *** Mogoriyo Mallam tats005.002.199 màcílá... *màcílá... *** *** Macila Mallam tats005.002.200 ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n this thing Mallam tats005.002.201 zɔ̀gùrɔ̂... *zɔ̀gùrɔ̂... *** *** Zɔgurɔ Mallam tats005.002.202 ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yínà ì- AGR3- ag- nà ART art ìkábànà i- AGR3- agv- kaba take v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone lêe lêe there loc údùkwà, ù- NC7- nc- dukwa go v -L -COMPL -ntone ìrímpà, ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n 'índè 'índè there loc the things that took there going, this thing, there Mallam tats005.002.203 ánà ánà when conj when Mallam tats005.002.204 'índè 'índè there loc ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n there this thing Mallam tats005.002.205 ùnóo ù- NC7- nc- nóo mouth n wűkújénè wű- AGR7.GEN- aggen- kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n kű-írímpà, kű- AGR9.GEN- aggen- ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n a̋ a̋ LOC prep úyáa ù- NC7- nc- yáa road n Sákábá... *Sákábá... *** *** the mouth of the river of this thing, at the Sakaba road Mallam I think his basic meaning is that there are seven or eight pools along the Sakaba Road which have now dried up tats005.002.206 OK... *OK... *** *** OK Stuart tats005.002.207 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj wí ù- AGR7- ag- ì PRO ncpro wì ù- AGR7- ag- ì COP cop wùkábànà u- AGR7- agv- kaba take v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone údùkwà ù- NC7- nc- dukwa go v -L -COMPL -ntone 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc yes, it is that which took going there Mallam meaning? tats005.002.208 ée 'ĩ́i yes intj yes Mallam tats005.002.209 sòsái sòsâi indeed adv very much so Mallam tats005.002.210 tò, tò OK intj tò, tò OK intj ánà ánà when conj ùyã̂anà u- 3PS- agp- yãa do v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone 'ínì, 'ínì like_that adv ká'à ká'à now adv víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone báabù... *báabù... *** *** hé ha- AGR2- ag- ì PRO ncpro OK, OK when it happened like that, now you see there are none [pools] Mallam impersonal agr uyaan-na - MM when questioned said 'nothing did like that, it just happened' tats005.002.211 tò, tò OK intj pâa, pâa here loc kúmá kùmà more quant hámpà hà- AGR2- ag- mpà this dem pâa pâa here loc hóttù hà- AGR2- ag- ttù 1PP.POSS ppro OK, here, these our ones here Mallam tats005.002.212 pâa pâa here loc ìrímpàanì, ì- NC3- nc- rímpàanì this_thing n ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n here this thing, this thing Mallam tats005.002.213 ótù òtù 1PP.PRO pro páanì, pâa here loc -ni -NMLZ -nom ìrímpà, ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n pâa pâa here loc Bàzámà... *Bàzámà... *** *** us here, this thing, here Bazama Mallam Màsíngí is the name of the stream in Bazama that Mallam was trying to think of tats005.002.214 ò'íi ò'íi yes intj yes Mallam tats005.002.215 lêe, lêe there loc dòorí dòorí formerly adv ɔ́sɔ̄sɔ̃̀ à- NC2- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n àkámànà a- 3PP- agp- kama be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone lêe lêe there loc there, formerly pools they were there Mallam tats005.002.216 sáa sáa or conj wèné ù- AGR7- ag- èné what question kúsɔ̃́ɔ kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n ìndúu ìndúu here_is pres kwì kù- AGR9- ag- ì PRO ncpro lêe, lêe there loc sáa sáa or conj wèné ù- AGR7- ag- èné what question kúsɔ̃́ɔ kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n ìndúu ìndúu here_is pres kwì kù- AGR9- ag- ì PRO ncpro lêe lêe there loc every pool there it is there, every pool there it is there Mallam tats005.002.217 tò, tò OK intj ɔ́sɔ̄sɔ̃̀ à- NC2- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n hánà hà- AGR2- ag- nà ART art víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone põ̂ põ̂ all quant ká'à ká'à now adv háayà a- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ɔ̀kɔ́tɔ̀ a- 3PP- agp- kɔtɔ finish v -LHL -RLS -vtone OK, the pools you saw have all now finished Mallam tats005.002.218 ɔ̀kɔ́tɔ̀ a- 3PP- agp- kɔtɔ finish v -LHL -RLS -vtone they finished Stuart tats005.002.219 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj kùjénè kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n kùyã́a ku- AGR9- agv- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone kűugáɓílúwánú... *kűugáɓílúwánú... *** *** kűugáɓílúwánú... *kűugáɓílúwánú... *** *** põ̂ põ̂ all quant yes, the river swallowed up them all Mallam Neither gaɓa nor gaɓanu was accepted by MM. Not sure if it literally means 'swallow'. I don't think so. tats005.002.220 kùyã́a ku- AGR9- agv- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n it [river] did this thing Mallam tats005.002.221 àyã̂a a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹkácí m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n they did hunting Stuart I thought we were still talking about hippos...! tats005.002.222 àyã̂a a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹkácí, m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n ìrímpà ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n 'ásù 'ásù place n wùhínìlò u- 3PS- agp- hino dig v -LHL -RLS -vtone -ìl- -PLAC- -plac- they did hunting, the place dug up Mallam i.e. what use to be a larger river has become divided into smaller streams, like the furrows on a farm tats005.002.223 èjénè à- NC2- nc- jénè river n hòdóohò ha- AGR2- agv- dooho disappear v -LHL -RLS -vtone the rivers disappeared Mallam tats005.002.224 ìrímpà, ì- NC3- nc- rímpà this_thing n ɔ́sɔ̄sɔ̃̀ à- NC2- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n héllè hà- AGR2- ag- llè that dem põ̂ põ̂ all quant òdóohò a- 3PP- agp- dooho disappear v -LHL -RLS -vtone this thing, all those pools disappeared Mallam tats005.002.225 bâa báa there_is_no neg hé ha- AGR2- ag- ì PRO ncpro they are not there Mallam tats005.002.226 dòorí dòorí formerly adv kùsɔ̃́ɔ, kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n kùsɔ̃́ɔ kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n kúnà kù- AGR9- ag- nà ART art tìlápànà ti- 1PP- agp- lapa know v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone lêe lêe there loc formerly the pool, the pool which we knew there Mallam tats005.002.227 kùsɔ̃́ɔ kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n kùyã́a ku- AGR9- agv- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone tákwàs... *tákwàs... *** *** the pool reached eight Mallam i.e. there were eight pools tats005.002.228 kùríllò kùríllò eight num eight Mallam tats005.002.229 kùkùríllò kù- AGR9- ag- kùríllò eight num eight Stuart tats005.002.230 ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj dòorí dòorí formerly adv kùsɔ̃́ɔ kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n dòorí dòorí formerly adv yes, formerly the pool formerly Mallam tats005.002.231 dòorí? dòorí formerly adv formerly? Stuart tats005.002.232 kùsɔ̃́ɔ kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n kùkùríllò kù- AGR9- ag- kùríllò eight num kúnà kù- AGR9- ag- nà ART art tìlápànà ti- 1PP- agp- lapa know v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone lêe lêe there loc eight pools which we knew there Mallam tats005.002.233 àmáa àmá but conj ká'à ká'à now adv hínà? hínà TOP part but what about now? Stuart tats005.002.234 ká'à ká'à now adv híndè híndè like_this adv báabù... *báabù... *** *** now there are none Mallam tats005.002.235 dòorí dòorí formerly adv òkóo òkóo there_exists pres kúnà kù- AGR9- ag- nà ART art kùsɔ̃́ɔ kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n páanì pâa here loc -ni -NMLZ -nom formerly there was a certain pool here Mallam tats005.002.236 ǹ ǹ and conj kwá'à, kù- NC9- nc- 'wá'à compound n géɗù géɗù high n ǹ ǹ and conj kwá'à kù- NC9- nc- 'wá'à compound n kwáanà... *kwáanà... *** *** ɗánkàní... *ɗánkàní... *** *** by the house, east by the house of so-and-so ɗankani Mallam ɗankani is a man living near Bazama not sure on the meaning of the prepositions here tats005.002.237 tò, tò OK intj kùsɔ̃́ɔ kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n kúllè kù- AGR9- ag- llè that dem OK that pool Mallam tats005.002.238 ǹ ǹ and conj nì ǹ and conj yyôo CDup- 2PS- agpl- yoo go v -LHL -RLS -vtone if you went Mallam tats005.002.239 nì ǹ and conj hyã̂a hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n vi̋ngútù vi̋- AGR8.GEN- aggen- m̀- NC5- nc- gútù cripple n when you said 'Person of Cripples! Mallam tats005.002.240 ǹtá'à m- 1PS- agp- ta'a want v -LHL -RLS -vtone míndà m- 1PS- agp- inda see v -HL -IRR -vtone iyali... *iyali... *** *** váavùǃ v- AGR8- ag- ávù 2PS.POSS ppro I want to see your children!" Mallam tats005.002.241 ká'à ká'à now adv pâa pâa here loc vúuyìndà v- 2PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- inda see v -HL -IRR -vtone àyúpù à- NC2- nc- yúpù crocodile n híndè híndè like_this adv now here you will see crocodiles Mallam tats005.002.242 àyúpù à- NC2- nc- yúpù crocodile n crocodiles Mallam tats005.002.243 àyúpù, à- NC2- nc- yúpù crocodile n a̋ a̋ LOC prep yyáawò... *yyáawò... *** *** crocodiles, walking Mallam i.e. walking in and around the water tats005.002.244 àyúpù à- NC2- nc- yúpù crocodile n a̋ a̋ LOC prep yyáawò... *yyáawò... *** *** crocodiles walking Mallam tats005.002.245 tò, tò OK intj àmáa àmá but conj ká'à, ká'à now adv sáa sáa or conj kàsídí kà- NC1- nc- sídí lack? n kőmóní ka̋- AGR1.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n OK, but now, there's no sign of water Mallam tats005.002.246 kúmá kùmà more quant àyúpù à- NC2- nc- yúpù crocodile n hánà hà- AGR2- ag- nà ART art hàsúmà ha- AGR2- agv- sima run v -LHL -RLS -vtone and the crocodiles have fled Mallam asuma or hasuma? tats005.002.247 ka... *ka... *** *** ji... *ji... *** *** you hear Mallam Hausa tats005.002.248 sée sée unless conj 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc géɗù géɗù high n just up there Mallam Korisino tats005.002.249 sée sée unless conj 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc ɗôo ɗôo here loc ǹ ǹ and conj géɗù géɗù high n just there here up Mallam interesting combination of deictics! tats005.002.250 tò tò OK intj ká'à ká'à now adv sáa dá'à, sáa dá'à perhaps? adv hògítù, ha- AGR2- agv- gitu go_back v -LHL -RLS -vtone àmáa àmá but conj àhyã̂a a- 3PP- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone é éví 3PS.PRO pro hè ha- AGR2- ag- ì COP cop 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc a̋ a̋ LOC prep kúsã́a kù- NC9- nc- sã́a mountain n OK now, they went back(?), but they say they are there on the mountain Mallam Interestingly, Mallam seems to be expressing some doubts about whether they are really there, even though one was killed in 2006 éhè is an alternative to hi he, accepted by MM tats005.002.251 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc a̋ a̋ LOC prep kúsã́a kù- NC9- nc- sã́a mountain n kúttù kù- AGR9- ag- ttù 1PP.POSS ppro 'índè 'índè there loc there on our mountain there Mallam this stretch of discourse is a good example to compare against the text elicited about crocodiles as topic tats005.002.252 kòrísìnôo kà- NC1- nc- rísìnôo Karishen n Korisino Mallam tats005.002.253 é éví 3PS.PRO pro hè ha- AGR2- ag- ì COP cop 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc they are there Mallam tats005.002.254 dòomĩ́ dòmĩ́ because conj òkóo òkóo there_exists pres mánà mà- AGR4- ag- nà ART art móní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc a̋ a̋ LOC prep kàppàtá kà- NC1- nc- ppàtá cave n because there is some water there in the pit Mallam Is mana used because this is a 'certain body of water'.