tats002.006 tats002.006.001 7.350 8.420 Amos kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n crocodile tats002.006.002 9.840 10.600 Amos kwáarò... *kwáarò... *** *** vì v- AGR8- ag- ì COP cop it's a creature Bargery: ƙwàaró has as one of its meanings: crocodile, hippo, or hyena check tone tats002.006.003 11.300 12.840 Amos vínà vì- AGR8- ag- nà ART art vìyónò, vi- AGR8- agv- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -L -H -L -RLSp -vtonep éví éví 3PS.PRO pro which is..., it hesitation tats002.006.004 12.840 14.400 Amos ùyô u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -L -HL -RLSp -vtonep a̋ a̋ LOC prep móní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n sáa sáa or conj wèné ù- AGR7- ag- èné what question sá'à sá'à time n it's in the water all the time see how with nc8, we've gone straight to person agreement, no problem at all. tats002.006.005 14.990 17.060 Amos 'ásù 'ásù place n wűudẽ́i wű- AGR7.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- dẽ́i settlement n wéevì ù- AGR7- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro wùlêe, ù- AGR7- ag- lêe there loc cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n his living place is there, in the water tats002.006.006 18.120 19.740 Amos ǹ ǹ and conj wǎayà u- 3PS- agp- aya come v -L -H -L -RLSp -vtonep a̋ a̋ LOC prep kókóndú kà- NC1- nc- kóndú bank(river) n when it comes to the bank yā zō kokondu = bank, not sure of tone tats002.006.007 19.740 21.450 Amos sée sée unless conj ǹ ǹ and conj ùtá'à u- 3PS- agp- ta'a want v -L -H -L -RLSp -vtonep úhùllò u- 3PS- agp- hullo blow v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep ùpépí ù- NC7- nc- pépí wind n then it wants to take some air tats002.006.008 21.740 24.690 Amos wúugùyà u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- guya can v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep wǔutònò ù- NC7- nc- uto rise v -na -VENT -vent -H -L -L -NMLZ -ntone a̋ a̋ LOC prep ícɔ̀ɔ, ícɔ̀ɔ outside n ú'ìtù u- 3PS- agp- 'itu lie_down v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep úhùllò u- 3PS- agp- hullo blow v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep ùpépí ù- NC7- nc- pépí wind n it will be able coming outside, it lies down and takes air fitowa tats002.006.009 25.440 27.630 Amos me̋llóokàcí ma̋- AGR4.GEN- aggen- CDup- NC8- nc- lóokàcí time n címmàahĩ́ címmàahĩ́ little adj kúmá, kùmà more quant úgìtù u- 3PS- agp- gitu go_back v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep ő a̋ LOC prep móní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n after a little time, it goes back to the water tats002.006.010 28.580 30.240 Amos múddĩ̀i... *múddĩ̀i... *** *** ń ń if conj bà bà NEG neg cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n cé cé NEG neg as long as it is not in the water note no subject in this sentence tats002.006.011 30.870 32.580 Amos tò, tò OK intj éví, éví 3PS.PRO pro ùsìgwáanùkwà u- 3PS- agp- si- HAB- asp- gwaanukwa understand v -L -L -H -L -L -HAB -habp cé cé NEG neg OK, it, it doesn't understand tats002.006.012 33.590 34.980 Amos kúmá kùmà more quant kwí kù- AGR9- ag- ì PRO ncpro kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n and it the crocodile tats002.006.013 35.950 38.060 Amos kùzámùkwà ku- AGR9- agv- zamukwa become v -L -H -L -L -RLSp -vtonep ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yi̋wɔ́ɔvɔ́ɔ i̋- AGR3.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- ɔ́vɔ́ɔ fear n 'ásì 'ásù place n zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n it is a thing of fear for people anaphoric gender ag? You wouldn't get 'seems' after a pause like this in English tats002.006.014 38.760 40.850 Amos mòní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n põ̂ põ̂ all quant mánà mà- AGR4- ag- nà ART art àhyã̂anà a- 3PP- agp- hyãa say v -na -PFV -asp -L -H -L -RLSp -vtonep òkóo òkóo there_exists pres kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n all the water that they say there are crocodiles inside relative clause with pon in between head noun and relativiser - unusual position tats002.006.015 41.830 43.830 Amos ń ń if conj gó gó TOP part ǹ ǹ and conj àtábbàtà a- 3PP- agp- tabbata become_evident v -L -H -L -L -RLSp -vtonep òkóo òkóo there_exists pres kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n if they sense there are crocodiles there inside conditionals are topics! Note also use of invisible deictic tats002.006.016 44.110 49.030 Amos tò, tò OK intj zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n ùnáhà, u- 3PS- agp- naha leave v -L -H -L -RLSp -vtonep zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n sìwûuwà si- HAB- asp- uwa feel v -L -HL -L -RLSp -vtonep wɔ́ɔvɔ́ɔ ù- NC7- nc- ɔ́vɔ́ɔ fear n úkòndò ù- NC7- nc- kondo enter v -L -L -COMPL -ntone ő a̋ LOC prep móní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n méllè mà- AGR4- ag- llè that dem OK, a person won't..., a person feels feer to enter that water tats002.006.017 50.060 51.390 Amos túndà, túndà since conj kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n since, the crocodile tats002.006.018 52.060 52.980 Amos kùsì'ɔ̄pɔ̄'ɔ́pɔ̀ ku- AGR9- agv- si- HAB- asp- 'ɔpɔ hold v - - - 'ɔpɔ hold v -L -L -H -L -HAB -habp zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n it takes people kùsì'ɔ̄pɔ̄'ɔ́pɔ̀ tats002.006.019 54.440 55.580 Amos kúugùyà ku- AGR9- agv- u- FUT- tns- guya can v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ ù- NC7- nc- 'ɔpɔ hold v -H -L -NMLZ -ntone zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n it can take a person see reluctance to undergo person agreement, in contrast to earlier when it achieved this status with ease after being referred to using the nc8 term kwaaro tats002.006.020 55.790 56.350 Amos kúuhùnà ku- AGR9- agv- u- FUT- tns- huna kill v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep it will kill tats002.006.021 57.470 58.250 Amos cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n in the water tats002.006.022 59.200 60.860 Amos túndà túndà since conj zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n ùɗà u- 3PS- agp- ɗà be aux cé cé NEG neg ùné'ĩ̀ ù- NC7- nc- né'ĩ̀ load n because a person in the water doesn't have weight tats002.006.023 62.260 63.280 Amos nì ǹ and conj zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n kóndò kondo enter v -H -L -RLS -vtone when a person enters hesitation here tats002.006.024 63.880 65.710 Amos éví éví 3PS.PRO pro ǹ ǹ and conj wǎayà u- 3PS- agp- aya come v -L -H -L -RLSp -vtonep 'ɔ́pɔ̀ 'ɔpɔ hold v -H -L -RLS -vtone zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n sée sée unless conj úyɔ̀nɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- yɔnɔ pull v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep it when it comes and takes a person then it pulls yā zo, yà ja now crocodile graduates to person agreement, even with potential conflicting referent tats002.006.025 66.980 69.830 Amos úrìɓìsà u- 3PS- agp- ruɓa sink v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep -is- -CAUS- -caus- cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n úyã̀a ù- NC7- nc- yãa do v -L -COMPL -ntone kűuyɔ́nɔ́ kű- AGR9.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- yɔnɔ pull v -H -H -NMLZ -ntone zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n ùríɓáaní ù- NC7- nc- ruɓa sink v -ni -NMLZ -nom -H -H -H -NMLZ -ntone it causes [the person] to sink in the water doing pulling the person there in the water sinking note object omitted after riɓisa even though referent is human (but perhaps non-specific?). deixis - 'un used for obscured vision, even though potentially close by tats002.006.026 70.540 72.030 Amos zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n kúmá, kùmà more quant cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n and a person, in the water tats002.006.027 72.860 74.160 Amos tò tò OK intj ùɗà u- 3PS- agp- ɗà be aux cé cé NEG neg ùpácí ù- NC7- nc- pácí difficulty n wűukóo wű- AGR7.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- koo die v -H -NMLZ -ntone he will not find it difficult to die uɗaa is not impersonal - if it was a child, then we could have ag4 agreement here i.e. maɗaa tats002.006.028 75.150 77.510 Amos túndà, túndà since conj mòní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n màɗà ma- AGR4- agv- ɗà be aux cé cé NEG neg kùnĩ́'ĩ̀ kù- NC9- nc- nĩ́'ĩ̀ branch n kúnà kù- AGR9- ag- nà ART art zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n wúu'ɔ̀pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- 'ɔpɔ hold v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep since, water doesn't have a branch which a person will hold ruwa bai da reshe da za ka kama tats002.006.029 77.990 79.410 Amos bèlée... *bèlée... *** *** zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n 'ɔ̀pɔ̀ 'ɔpɔ hold v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n tì... *tì... *** *** bàa... *bàa... *** *** much less a person can get a foothold balle kà daagi belee or belle? balle is Hausa for 'much more, much less' (Bargery) ti baa? tats002.006.030 79.990 80.890 Amos tò tò OK intj éví éví 3PS.PRO pro hínà hínà TOP part OK it tats002.006.031 80.910 82.130 Amos tínà tì- AGR6- ag- nà ART art põ̂ põ̂ all quant ùmállàkànà... *ùmállàkànà... *** *** móní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n how it rules all the water Bargery: mallaka means 'to be in possession of' tats002.006.032 82.760 84.910 Amos ùráa u- 3PS- agp- raa eat v -L -H -RLSp -vtonep zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n mɔ́'yɔ́'yɔ́ mà- NC4- nc- 'yɔ́'yɔ́ fish n zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n tínà tì- AGR6- ag- nà ART art ùɗà u- 3PS- agp- ɗà be aux dáamá... *dáamá... *** *** úyã̀awà u- 3PS- agp- yãa do v -wa -APPL -appl -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n wíndànà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -na -PFV -asp -L -H -L -L -RLSp -vtonep dáamá... *dáamá... *** *** it eats a person fish, person, how it has the chance do for person it saw chance daama is Hausa for 'chance, no Cicipu equivalent. meaning of sentence? tats002.006.033 85.730 87.060 Amos éví éví 3PS.PRO pro kúmá kùmà more quant cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n and it in the water tats002.006.034 87.840 89.930 Amos ń ń if conj mòní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n màkábàn ma- AGR4- agv- kaba take v -n -1PS.OBJ -vcl -L -H -L -RLSp -vtonep pâa pâa here loc màyáa ma- AGR4- agv- yaa arrive v -L -H -RLSp -vtonep ǹ ǹ and conj Túngán... *Túngán... *** *** Káɗé... *Káɗé... *** *** if water took me from here arrive with Tungan Kaɗe about a mile and half away note contracted object person form on makabam tats002.006.035 90.590 91.650 Amos cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋míntì ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- míntì minute n ttò CDup- AGR8- ag- tò one numadj inside one minute tats002.006.036 91.650 92.300 Amos ǹ ǹ and conj ùkárànù... *ùkárànù... *** *** if it runs Hausa? tats002.006.037 93.090 93.740 Amos ùyáa u- 3PS- agp- yaa arrive v -L -H -RLSp -vtonep 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc it arrives there yā isa can tats002.006.038 94.550 95.470 Amos nán-dà-nán... *nán-dà-nán... *** *** vì v- AGR8- ag- ì COP cop it's right away Hausa tats002.006.039 95.590 98.140 Amos ánà ánà when conj tínà tì- AGR6- ag- nà ART art máasĩ̀i máasĩ̀i motorbike n sìsúmá si- HAB- asp- sima run v -L -H -H -HAB -hab a̋ a̋ LOC prep íɗáa ì- NC3- nc- ɗáa ground n like how a motorbike runs on the ground tats002.006.040 98.640 100.640 Amos 'ínì 'ínì like_that adv ví v- AGR8- ag- ì COP cop ìláɗì ì- NC3- nc- láɗì speed n yéevì ì- AGR3- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro yìyónò i- AGR3- agv- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -L -H -L -RLSp -vtonep cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n it's like that its speed is inside the water tats002.006.041 101.480 104.990 Amos tò, tò OK intj ǹ ǹ and conj ùtábbàtà u- 3PS- agp- tabbata become_evident v -L -H -L -L -RLSp -vtonep hálì hálì even adv kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kùyâa ku- AGR9- agv- yaa arrive v -L -HL -RLSp -vtonep úkùrɔ̀ ù- NC7- nc- kurɔ grow_up? v -L -L -COMPL -ntone cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní, ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n kùhwáarà ku- AGR9- agv- hwaara start v -L -H -L -RLSp -vtonep ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ ù- NC7- nc- 'ɔpɔ hold v -H -L -NMLZ -ntone zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n OK, when it comes about that the crocodile grows up in the water, it starts taking a person yā kai ha ƙosawa i.e. becomes mature tats002.006.042 105.560 108.770 Amos tò tò OK intj múddĩ̀... *múddĩ̀... *** *** zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n yâa yaa arrive v -HL -RLS -vtone úkòndò ù- NC7- nc- kondo enter v -L -L -COMPL -ntone cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n hálì hálì even adv gó gó TOP part ùhángù u- 3PS- agp- hangu spot v -L -H -L -RLSp -vtonep zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n dègè dègè from prep hõ̂i hõ̂i far adv OK whenever a person enters inside the water it spots the person from far off yā isa gender/person progression tats002.006.043 108.770 110.770 Amos mémmìntì... *mémmìntì... *** *** mé m- AGR4- ag- ì COP cop címmàahĩ̀ címmàahĩ́ little adj ùyâa u- 3PS- agp- yaa arrive v -L -HL -RLSp -vtonep 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc it is just a small minute it arrives there yā isa tats002.006.044 110.770 112.770 Amos kúukèrì kùkérí trying n véevì v- AGR8- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro ǹ ǹ and conj ùyâa u- 3PS- agp- yaa arrive v -L -HL -RLSp -vtonep ú'ɔ̀pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n it tries when it arrives to hold the person tats002.006.045 112.770 114.160 Amos úrìɓisà u- 3PS- agp- ruɓa sink v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep -is- -CAUS- -caus- cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n it causes [the person] to sink in the water tats002.006.046 114.330 114.870 Amos úhùnà u- 3PS- agp- huna kill v -H -L -L -IRRp -vtonep it kills tats002.006.047 115.770 117.170 Amos ǹ ǹ and conj ùhúnà u- 3PS- agp- huna kill v -L -H -L -RLSp -vtonep kúmá kùmà more quant wúuràa u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- raa eat v -H -L -IRRp -vtonep râa raa eat v and when it kills it will eat tats002.006.048 117.860 120.270 Amos túndà, túndà since conj éví éví 3PS.PRO pro ká'à ká'à now adv báa báa there_is_no neg ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yínà ì- AGR3- ag- nà ART art ùyónò u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -L -H -L -RLSp -vtonep útà'à ù- NC7- nc- ta'a want v -L -L -COMPL -ntone kàmá kàmá like conj since, it now there's is nothing it wants tats002.006.049 120.270 121.060 Amos sée sée unless conj ɓàhánná... *ɓàhánná... *** *** except destruction tats002.006.050 121.170 123.790 Amos sɔ́bɔ̀ sɔ́bɔ̀ because conj ǹ ǹ and conj 'ínì, 'ínì like_that adv kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kùzámùkwà ku- AGR9- agv- zamukwa become v -L -H -L -L -RLSp -vtonep ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yi̋wɔ́ɔvɔ́ɔ i̋- AGR3.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- ɔ́vɔ́ɔ fear n cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n ti̋móní ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- mà- NC4- nc- ní water n because of that, the crocodile is a thing of fear in the water tats002.006.051 123.980 125.140 Amos 'ásì 'ásù place n zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n kàráyì kà- NC1- nc- ráyì life n for living people ../audio/tats002_file06.mp3 audio/x-wav