saim001 saim001.001 2.370 6.630 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj kí ké kà- AGR1- ag- ì kà- PRO AGR1- ncproag- ì COP cop nnà Cdup- AGR8- ag- nà REL rel ánà ánà when conj éví éví 3PS.PRO pro OK it's this that when he said ùhyã́anà u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.002 6.640 8.810 Ibrahim túuyã̀a ti- 1PP- agp- u- FUT- tns- yãa do v -HL -IRR -vtone tèné tì- AGR6- ag- èné what question ǹ ǹ and conj kwí kù- AGR9- ag- ì PRO ncpro éví éví 3PS.PRO pro árábà... *árábà... *** *** "we will do what with it?" he Araba said i.e. with the crocodile. ùhyã́anà u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.003 9.090 10.590 Ibrahim ùbàndàwàkì... *ùbàndàwàkì... *** *** túuyã̀a ti- 1PP- agp- u- FUT- tns- yãa do v -HL -IRR -vtone tèné tì- AGR6- ag- èné what question ǹ ǹ and conj kwí kù- AGR9- ag- ì PRO ncpro he said Ubandawaki what will we do with it? saim001.004 10.590 11.860 Ibrahim ùbàndàwàkì... *ùbàndàwàkì... *** *** wáyà u- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone túuhùnà ti- 1PP- agp- u- FUT- tns- huna kill v -HL -IRR -vtone Ubandawaki said we will kill saim001.005 12.610 16.980 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj ánà ánà when conj ùhyã́anà u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone túuhùnà, ti- 1PP- agp- u- FUT- tns- huna kill v -HL -IRR -vtone éví éví 3PS.PRO pro OK when he said they will kill, he Araba looked for a stick árábá... *árábá... *** *** wáyà u- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùbɔ́lɔ̀nɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- bɔlɔ look_for v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kègísì kà- NC1- nc- gísì stick n saim001.006 17.550 19.360 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj ùbɔ́lɔ̀nɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- bɔlɔ look_for v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kègísì kà- NC1- nc- gísì stick n wáyà u- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone when he looked for a stick he beat ùvásà u- 3PS- agp- vasa hit v -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.007 19.670 22.010 Ibrahim kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kwáyà ku- AGR9- agv- aya come v -HL -IRR -vtone kù'úngò ku- AGR9- agv- 'ungo rise v -LHL -RLS -vtone the crocodile rose up kau! uuuu! I think kau is the sound of the crocodile attacking him, and uuuu is Araba in pain kwáyà ku- AGR9- agv- aya come v -HL -IRR -vtone kau...ǃ *kau... *** *** uuuu...ǃ *uuuu... *** *** saim001.008 22.010 27.120 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj éví éví 3PS.PRO pro wáyà ùsímà, u- 3PS- agp- aya come v -H -L u- -RLS 3PS- -vtoneagp- sima run v -LHL -RLS -vtone ánà ánà when conj àrábâ *àrábâ *** *** OK he fled, when Araba fled, Ubandawaki then fled àná - when. Why is the tone the opposite of what is expected? símànà sima run v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone ùbándáwàkí... *ùbándáwàkí... *** *** wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùsímà u- 3PS- agp- sima run v -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.009 27.610 29.370 Ibrahim ùbándáwàkí... *ùbándáwàkí... *** *** wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùbɔ́lɔ̀nɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- bɔlɔ look_for v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone Ubandawaki looked for a stone kàtáarí kà- NC1- nc- táarí stone n saim001.010 29.810 32.290 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj ùbɔ́lɔ̀nɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- bɔlɔ look_for v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kàtáarí kà- NC1- nc- táarí stone n when he had looked for a stone, he then crushed the crocodile wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùjántànù u- 3PS- agp- janta crush v -nu -RES -res -LHL -RLS -vtone kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n saim001.011 32.900 35.640 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj ùjántànù u- 3PS- agp- janta crush v -nu -RES -res -LHL -RLS -vtone kùyúpù, kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n when he had crushed the crocodile, the crocodile became silent kwáyà ku- AGR9- agv- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone kùyã̂a ku- AGR9- agv- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone kúcíi kúcíi quiet ideo saim001.012 36.070 38.497 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kùyã́anà ku- AGR9- agv- yãa do v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kúcíi, kúcíi quiet ideo when the crocodile became silent, they stalked (it) háyà a- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àpárànà a- 3PP- agp- para stalk v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.013 38.497 41.990 Ibrahim éví éví 3PS.PRO pro árábà... *árábà... *** *** wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùpárànà u- 3PS- agp- para stalk v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone he Araba then he crept up crept up crept up crept up, he clobbered it with a stick Note use of directional here. The deictic centre seems to be the crocodile, not the protagonists. ùpárànà u- 3PS- agp- para stalk v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone ùpárànà u- 3PS- agp- para stalk v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone ùpárànà u- 3PS- agp- para stalk v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone ùgɔ́rɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- gɔrɔ beat v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹ ǹ and conj ùɗángà ù- NC7- nc- ɗángà tree n saim001.014 42.420 43.350 Ibrahim kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kwáyà ku- AGR9- agv- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone kùkôo ku- AGR9- agv- koo die v -LHL -RLS -vtone then the crocodile died saim001.015 44.000 45.820 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj ánà ánà when conj kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kùkôonò ku- AGR9- agv- koo die v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone OK when the crocodile died saim001.016 46.060 47.730 Ibrahim háyà a- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àkábà a- 3PP- agp- kaba take v -LHL -RLS -vtone òtónònò a- 3PP- agp- toono come_back_home v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone they took it back home a̋ á LOC prep kwá'à kù- NC9- nc- 'wá'à compound n saim001.017 48.540 51.610 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj òtónònnò a- 3PP- agp- toono come_back_home v -n -VENT -vent -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone a̋ á LOC prep kwá'à, kù- NC9- nc- 'wá'à compound n when they came home, they skinned it háyà a- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àmínà a- 3PP- agp- mina skin v -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.018 52.550 54.530 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj àmínànà, a- 3PP- agp- mina skin v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone háyà a- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àdúkwà a- 3PP- agp- dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone when they skinned it, they went saim001.019 54.530 56.210 Ibrahim kàkíngí kà- NC1- nc- kíngí part n kéllè kà- AGR1- ag- llè that dem háyà h- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àwíinà a- 3PP- agp- wiina sell v -LHL -RLS -vtone they sold part saim001.020 56.210 57.770 Ibrahim háyà h- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àkábà a- 3PP- agp- kaba take v -LHL -RLS -vtone kèkíngí kà- NC1- nc- kíngí part n they took part and ate àrâa a- 3PP- agp- raa eat v -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.021 58.730 62.280 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj ánà ánà when conj àrâanà, a- 3PP- agp- raa eat v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone ánà ánà when conj OK when they had eaten, when they had spent the night twice háasànà a- 3PP- agp- asa spend_night v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kùyápù, kù- AGR9- ag- yápù two num saim001.022 62.760 65.530 Ibrahim wɔ́mɔ́ wɔ́mɔ́ chief n vúurée vì- AGR8- ag- ù- NC7- nc- ré town n wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone wɔ́mɔ́ wɔ́mɔ́ chief n the chief of the town the chief of Korisino heard Tone on Korisino here is uncertain víkòrísìnôo vì- AGR8- ag- kà- NC1- nc- rísìnôo Karishen n wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone wǔuwà u- 3PS- agp- uwa feel v -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.023 66.150 69.730 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj wǔuwànà u- 3PS- agp- uwa feel v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kànàbáyì, kà- NC1- nc- nàbáyì news n wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone when he heard the news, he sent to their place Does this directional imply the action is directed towards Ubandawaki, the deictic centre of the narrative? Vowel harmony is interesting here because the e in hiive affects the 'a in 'asu - ɛ́sīːvè = ásù wíivè vowel_harmony ùníyùnò u- 3PS- agp- niyu send v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone 'ásù 'ásù place n wíivè ù- AGR7- ag- ívè 3PP.POSS ppro saim001.024 70.460 74.650 Ibrahim ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone rè rè 3PP.PRO pro tò, tò OK intj shìndámâa, *shìndámâa *** *** ánà ánà when conj he told them, ??? when you killed that crocodile shindama is Hausa, but don't know the meaning here ìhúnànà i- 2PP- agp- huna kill v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kúllèenì kù- AGR9- ag- llè that dem -ni -NMLZ -nom saim001.025 74.650 78.420 Ibrahim hàn hànú where question tínà tì- AGR6- ag- nà REL rel yã̂anà? yãa do v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹkáanànà m- 1PS- agp- kaanu send v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone what did you do? I sent my son to your (pl) place mɔ́ɔ mɔ́ɔ child n 'ɔ́sù 'ásù place n wúɗɗò ù- AGR7- ag- ɗɗò 2PP.POSS ppro saim001.026 78.420 81.490 Ibrahim ìvɔ́ ìvɔ́ 2PS.PRO pro ubandawaki... *ubandawaki... *** *** ǹkáanànà m- 1PS- agp- kaanu send v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone mɔ́ɔ mɔ́ɔ child n 'ɔ́sì 'ásù place n you Ubandawaki I sent my son to your place, I told you wáavù, ù- AGR7- ag- ávù 2PS.POSS ppro ǹhyã̂a m- 1PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone vù vù 2PS.SG pro saim001.027 81.490 82.920 Ibrahim ǹhyã́a m- 1PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone mɔ́ɔ mɔ́ɔ child n máhyã̀a ma- AGR4- agv- hyãa say v -HL -IRR -vtone vù vù 2PS.SG pro I told my son to tell you don't understand irrealis tone máhyáan - subjunctive? saim001.028 84.200 86.690 Ibrahim íddàmùwà i- 2PS.IRR- agpi- Cdup- 2PS- agp- dama tell v -wa -APPL -appl -HL -IRR -vtone põ̂ põ̂ all quant àzá hánà à- NC2- nc- zá hà- persoAGR2- n ag- nà REL rel you should announce all the people in these valleys òyónò a- 3PP- agp- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone e̋ á LOC prep rùwé'è ri- NC3- nc- wé'è valley n yíllè ì- AGR3- ag- llè that dem saim001.029 86.690 90.070 Ibrahim ǹ ǹ and conj kàràháazì kà- NC1- nc- ràháazì Fulani_person n nì ǹ and conj kkɔ́gɔ́ Cdup- NC8- nc- kɔ́gɔ́ Hausa_person n nì ǹ and conj vváɗí Cdup- NC8- nc- váɗí Vaɗi n and the Fulani and the Hausa and the Vadi and the Lelna Great examples of long consonants with metathesis, as well as the i/u alternation nì ǹ and conj hhwí'í Cdup- NC8- nc- hwí'í Lelna_person n saim001.030 90.070 91.400 Ibrahim ǹ ǹ and conj ɔ́tɔ̀ 'ítɔ̀ neighbour n -PL -PL -pl háavù ha- AGR2- ag- ávù 2PS.POSS ppro òcípù à- NC2- nc- cípù Acipawa_person n and your neighbours the Acipu saim001.031 91.400 94.410 Ibrahim põ̂ põ̂ all quant dàmùwá dama tell v -wa -APPL -appl -LH -IMP -vtone sáa sáa or conj yànú yàanú who question òkóo òkóo there_exists pres vɔ́mɔ́cí vì- NC8- nc- ɔ́mɔ́cí stranger n lêe lêe there loc all announce to everyone there is that visitor who has come down vìtánnànnà vi- AGR8- agv- tanna descend v -n -VENT -vent -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.032 94.940 97.030 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj ánà ánà when conj vìtánnànnà vi- AGR8- agv- tanna descend v -n -VENT -vent -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone sɔ́bɔ̀ sɔ́bɔ̀ because conj 'ínì 'ínì like_that adv OK when it has gone down, because of that saim001.033 97.030 98.930 Ibrahim kádà kádà don't proh áwàlàkàntà a- 3PP- agp- walakanta treat_badly v -HL -IRR -vtone vì, v- AGR8- ag- ì PRO ncpro kádà kádà don't proh don't let them disturb it, don't let them kill it Note the /i/ does not spread leftwards from the 'vi', showing these are ag8 pronouns and not personal pronouns. áhùnà a- 3PP- agp- huna kill v -HL -IRR -vtone vì v- AGR8- ag- ì PRO ncpro saim001.034 99.510 102.450 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj háyà kúmà h- 3PP- agp- aya come v -HL kùmà -RLS more -vtonequant àzáa a- 3PP- agp- zaa see v -LHL -RLS -vtone ìɗó ìɗó 2PP.PRO pro yì ì- AGR3- ag- ì COP cop it has been discovered that it was you killed it, you killed it ìhúnànà i- 2PP- agp- huna kill v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone vì, v- AGR8- ag- ì PRO ncpro ìvɔ́ ìvɔ́ 2PS.PRO pro húnànà huna kill v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone vì v- AGR8- ag- ì PRO ncpro saim001.035 102.450 103.450 Ibrahim ká'à ká'à now adv sáa sáa or conj tèné? tì- AGR6- ag- èné what question now why? sée tèné saim001.036 104.580 106.280 Ibrahim wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone kùcìi kúcíi quiet ideo he said nothing. saim001.037 107.140 109.530 Ibrahim èví éví 3PS.PRO pro árábà... *árábà... *** *** wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone tò tò OK intj he Araba he said saim001.038 109.530 113.490 Ibrahim èví éví 3PS.PRO pro ánà ánà when conj wíndànà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kùyúpù, kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone he when he saw the crocodile, he went to the house of Ubandawaki ùdúkwà u- 3PS- agp- dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone 'ásù 'ásù place n ùbàndàwàkì... *ùbàndàwàkì... *** *** saim001.039 113.490 115.200 Ibrahim ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùbàndàwàkí...... tò túuyã̀a *ùbàndàwàkí... *** *** tò OK intj ti- 1PP- agp- u- FUT- tns- yãa do v -HL -IRR -vtone he said to Ubandawaki what will we do with it? tèné tì- AGR6- ag- èné what question ǹ ǹ and conj kwì? kù- AGR9- ag- ì PRO ncpro saim001.040 115.200 116.470 Ibrahim ùbàndàwàkí... *ùbàndàwàkí... *** *** wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì v- AGR8- ag- ì PRO ncpro Ubandawaki told him they should kill it áhùnà a- 3PP- agp- huna kill v -HL -IRR -vtone saim001.041 116.920 117.780 Ibrahim háyà h- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àhúnà a- 3PP- agp- huna kill v -LHL -RLS -vtone they killed it. saim001.042 118.240 122.380 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj dòorí dòorí formerly adv àtá'à a- 3PP- agp- ta'a want v -LHL -RLS -vtone ákàbà a- 3PP- agp- kaba take v -HL -IRR -vtone OK at first they wanted to put the blame on him Araba What is tonu?? kàlíipì kà- NC1- nc- líipì blame n 'ɔ́sù 'ásù place n tɔ̀nú... *tɔ̀nú... *** *** èví éví 3PS.PRO pro árábà... *árábà... *** *** saim001.043 122.720 124.880 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj bá bá NEG neg kúmà kùmà more quant tínà tì- AGR6- ag- nà ART art èví éví 3PS.PRO pro árábà... *árábà... *** *** wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone but there's no way he Araba took (the blame) Araba refused to accept the blame?? Ibrahim views Ubandawaki as the major transgressor. ùkábà u- 3PS- agp- kaba take v -LHL -RLS -vtone cé cé NEG neg saim001.044 125.480 126.680 Ibrahim ùkábà u- 3PS- agp- kaba take v -LHL -RLS -vtone cé cé NEG neg kálíipì kà- NC1- nc- líipì blame n he didn't admit the wrong high tone prefix after cé. saim001.045 126.900 128.639 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj ùlíbànà u- 3PS- agp- laba lack v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone ùkábá ù- NC7- nc- kaba take v ǹ ǹ and conj kàlíipì kà- NC1- nc- líipì blame n when he didn't take the blame saim001.046 128.639 131.880 Ibrahim èví éví 3PS.PRO pro wwɔ́mɔ́ Cdup- NC8- nc- wɔ́mɔ́ chief n kkórísìnôo Cdup- AGR8- ag- kà- NC1- nc- rísìnôo Karishen n wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone he the chief of Korisino fined them ùyã́awà u- 3PS- agp- yãa do v -wa -APPL -appl -LHL -RLS -vtone rè rè 3PP.PRO pro kátàarà kà- NC1- nc- tàarà fine n saim001.047 132.390 134.040 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj ùyã́awà u- 3PS- agp- yãa do v -wa -APPL -appl -LHL -RLS -vtone rè rè 3PP.PRO pro kátàarà kà- NC1- nc- tàarà fine n when he fined them, saim001.048 134.040 135.520 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj éré éré 3PP.PRO pro lêe lêe there loc éré éré 3PP.PRO pro lêe lêe there loc OK they were there, they were there saim001.049 135.790 138.690 Ibrahim kátàarà kà- NC1- nc- tàarà fine n kɔ́wwɔ́mɔ́ kà- AGR1- ag- Cdup- NC8- nc- wɔ́mɔ́ chief n kòrísìnôo, kà- NC1- nc- rísìnôo Karishen n gàhí kàahí before conj the fine of the chief of Korisino, before they could pay it Topic-fronting ábìyà a- 3PP- agp- biya pay v -HL -IRR -vtone kè, kà- AGR1- ag- ì PRO ncpro saim001.050 139.290 142.510 Ibrahim háyà h- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone kúmá kùmà more quant àkábà a- 3PP- agp- kaba take v -LHL -RLS -vtone kàdámá kà- NC1- nc- dámá word n they decided, they went to the place of the chief of Sakaba. kaba kadama seems to mean decided (Ibrahim liked my translation sharawa) Ubankasa is a Hausa title. The current one of Sakaba LGA (who lives in Diri) is a Cipu but he has lost (or chooses no longer to speak) the language, likewise the chief of Maburiya whom I met. Not to be confused with the Sarkin Kasa in Sakaba who is dyed-in-the-wool Cicipu speaker àdúkwà a- 3PP- agp- dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone 'ásù 'ásù place n ùbánkásá ùbánkásá elder_k.o. n saim001.051 143.220 146.100 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj ánà ánà when conj àdúkwànà a- 3PP- agp- dukwa go v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹ kàdámá ǹ kà- and NC1- conjnc- dámá word n 'ásù 'ásù place n OK when they went with the news to the place of Ubankasa, Ubankasa ùbánkásá, ùbánkásá elder_k.o. n ùbánkásá ùbánkásá elder_k.o. n wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.052 146.100 148.270 Ibrahim ùníyùnò u- 3PS- agp- niyu send v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone 'ásù 'ásù place n wíivè ù- AGR7- ag- ívè 3PP.POSS ppro háyà h- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone he sent to their places (i.e. to Araba and Ubandawaki), they fined them money àrâa a- 3PP- agp- raa eat v -LHL -RLS -vtone rè rè 3PP.PRO pro ícìnjì ì- NC3- nc- cìnjì money n saim001.053 148.970 150.250 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj àráanà a- 3PP- agp- raa eat v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone rè rè 3PP.PRO pro ícìnjì ì- NC3- nc- cìnjì money n when they fined them money saim001.054 150.250 152.630 Ibrahim hǎyà a- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone à'éesù a- 3PP- agp- 'eesu again v -LHL -RLS -vtone gútù gitu go_back v -LHL -RLS -vtone they were again sent for (i.e. by Ubankasa) to come back again note gutu/gitu contrast in identical environments. I'm unsure of the tones here Long e in 'eesu? níyùnò niyu send v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone é'èesù a- 3PP- agp- 'eesu again v -HL -IRR -vtone gìtù gitu go_back v -L -L -INF -vtone saim001.055 152.630 156.940 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj éví éví 3PS.PRO pro ùbándáwákí... *ùbándáwákí... *** *** wáyà ùgítù w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -HL u- -RLS 3PS- -vtoneagp- gitu go_back v -LHL -RLS -vtone OK he Ubandawaki he didn't go back cé cé NEG neg saim001.056 157.270 158.730 Ibrahim ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone éví éví 3PS.PRO pro ùɗà u- 3PS- agp- ɗà be aux cé cé NEG neg ícìnjì ì- NC3- nc- cìnjì money n he said he didn't have money This is him thinking to himself. saim001.057 158.990 160.720 Ibrahim túndà túndà since conj ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yínà ì- AGR3- ag- nà REL rel ùyónò u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone yí ì- AGR3- ag- ì PRO ncpro because the things he had had, he had sold i.e. to pay the first Ubankasa fine Note resumptive pronoun in object relative clause saim001.058 161.000 163.520 Ibrahim nnáa Cdup- NC8- nc- náa cow n nnà Cdup- AGR8- ag- nà REL rel ùyónò u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone ví, v- AGR8- ag- ì PRO ncpro ví v- AGR8- ag- ì PRO ncpro vìllè vì- AGR8- ag- llè that dem ùwíinànà u- 3PS- agp- wiina sell v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone the cow he had had, that was what he sold note upstep after first vi - I guess the tone level is reset again at the start of this breath group Is this a trace object pronoun in the relative clause where we would expect a gap? saim001.059 163.970 166.940 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj ùwíinànà u- 3PS- agp- wiina sell v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kúmá, kùmà more quant ícìnjì ì- NC3- nc- cìnjì money n yínà ì- AGR3- ag- nà ART art yí ì- AGR3- ag- ì COP cop and when he sold, the money that was there it had finished. yìlêe ì- AGR3- ag- lêe there loc yìkɔ́tɔ̀nɔ̀ i- AGR3- agv- kɔtɔ finish v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.060 167.210 168.170 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj ùɗà u- 3PS- agp- ɗà be aux cé cé NEG neg yímbɔ̃̀ ì- AGR3- ag- mbɔ̃̀ another adj OK he didn't have any more saim001.061 168.630 171.880 Ibrahim dègèlée dègèlée then conj wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùdéi ù- NC7- nc- dẽ́i settlement n a̋ á LOC prep then he started living in the bush, he started living in the bush, he started living in the bush if 'ɔpɔ' means started, why is it repeated three times? kàdábá, kà- NC1- nc- dábá bush(countryside) n ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùdéi ù- NC7- nc- dẽ́i settlement n a̋ á LOC prep kàdábá, kà- NC1- nc- dábá bush(countryside) n ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùdéi ù- NC7- nc- dẽ́i settlement n a̋ á LOC prep kàdábá kà- NC1- nc- dábá bush(countryside) n saim001.062 172.180 177.610 Ibrahim hálì hálì even adv ùkɔ́tɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- kɔtɔ finish v -LHL -RLS -vtone kàhĩ́'ĩ̀ kà- NC1- nc- hĩ́'ĩ̀ night n kàtíndàyà kà- AGR1- ag- tíndàyà seven num until he had finished seven days saim001.063 177.610 178.920 Ibrahim údòonù ù- NC7- nc- doonu sit_down v -L -COMPL -ntone lêe lêe there loc a̋ á LOC prep kàdábá kà- NC1- nc- dábá bush(countryside) n living there in the bush saim001.064 178.920 179.340 Stuart a̋ á LOC prep kàdábá? kà- NC1- nc- dábá bush(countryside) n in the bush? saim001.065 179.340 180.740 Ibrahim ée 'ĩ́i yes intj báa báa there_is_no neg éví éví 3PS.PRO pro a̋ á LOC prep kwá'à kù- NC9- nc- 'wá'à compound n yes, he wasn't at home saim001.066 181.330 183.990 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj dègèlée dègèlée then conj háyà àyã̂a h- 3PP- agp- aya come v -HL a- -RLS 3PP- -vtoneagp- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone OK then they said to him kúhyã̀a kù- NC9- nc- hyãa say v -L -COMPL -ntone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro saim001.067 183.990 185.590 Ibrahim zzá Cdup- NC8- nc- zá person n nnà Cdup- AGR8- ag- nà REL rel põ̂ põ̂ all quant wíndànà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro a̋ á LOC prep each one who saw him in the bush he said to him Note position of quantifier kàdábá kà- NC1- nc- dábá bush(countryside) n sée sée unless conj úhyã̀a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -HL -IRR -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro saim001.068 185.590 188.260 Ibrahim ùbándáwákí... *ùbándáwákí... *** *** nì ǹ and conj 'íngò 'ingo go_home v -LHL -RLS -vtone kwá'à kù- NC9- nc- 'wá'à compound n Ubandawaki, if you go back home today they will catch you ánnà ánnà today adv húu'ɔ̀pɔ̀ a- 3PP- agp- u- FUT- tns- 'ɔpɔ hold v -HL -IRR -vtone vù vù 2PS.SG pro saim001.069 188.930 191.460 Ibrahim ǹ ǹ and conj à'ɔ́pɔ̀nɔ̀ a- 3PP- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone ìvɔ̀ ìvɔ́ 2PS.PRO pro húudùkwàwù *húudùkwàwù *** *** when they catch you they will transport you to the house of...(hesitation) recheck dukwawu ǹ ǹ and conj ìvɔ́ ìvɔ́ 2PS.PRO pro a̋ á LOC prep kwá'à kù- NC9- nc- 'wá'à compound n kúuu...kúuu...kúuu... *kúuu...kúuu...kúuu... *** *** saim001.070 191.460 195.590 Ibrahim kúnà kù- AGR9- ag- nà REL rel vúuwàsànà v- 2PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- asa spend_night v -na -VENT -vent -HL -IRR -vtone kàsá kà- NC1- nc- ásá year n you will spend two years without going back to your house Don't understand tone pattern on toono. I guess this means prison. kasaa has unexpected tone here. I was told that (w)usa means to spend a year (like asa - to spend the night). Perhaps it's more likely it's the same verb, and the /u/ is conditioned by the prior 'vuu'. kàyápù kà- AGR1- ag- yápù two num bà bà NEG neg tóonò toono come_back_home v -LHL -RLS -vtone kwá'à kù- NC9- nc- 'wá'à compound n kwáavù kù- AGR9- ag- ávù 2PS.POSS ppro saim001.071 195.940 197.670 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone wûuwà u- 3PS- agp- uwa feel v -HL -IRR -vtone wɔ́ɔvɔ́ɔ ù- NC7- nc- ɔ́vɔ́ɔ fear n OK he was scared he didn't go home ùtónò u- 3PS- agp- toono come_back_home v -LHL -RLS -vtone cé cé NEG neg kwá'à kù- NC9- nc- 'wá'à compound n saim001.072 198.130 201.730 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj wáyà, dègèlée w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -HL dègèlée -RLS then -vtoneconj éví éví 3PS.PRO pro lêe lêe there loc éví éví 3PS.PRO pro lêe lêe there loc gàhí kàahí before conj OK then he was there before they started the harvest áhwàarà a- 3PP- agp- hwaara start v -HL -IRR -vtone ccá'á Cdup- NC8- nc- cá'á harvest n saim001.073 202.360 204.130 Ibrahim ǹháalú m̀- NC5- nc- háalú journey n máyà m- 1PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone 'ɔ́pɔ̀ vì 'ɔpɔ hold v -H -L vì -RLS 3PS.PRO -vtonepro journey came and took him he fled Note no agreement on ɔpɔ. wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùsímà u- 3PS- agp- sima run v -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.074 204.920 207.560 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj ùsímànà u- 3PS- agp- sima run v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone ùdúkwà u- 3PS- agp- dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone a̋ úrée Vdup- LOC- loc- ù- NC7- nc- ré town n -L -COMPL -ntone when he fled he went to a Hausa town wɔ́ɔkɔ́gɔ́ ù- AGR7- ag- à- NC2- nc- kɔ́gɔ́ Hausa_person n saim001.075 208.060 211.870 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj éví éví 3PS.PRO pro ánà ánà when conj ùdúkwànà u- 3PS- agp- dukwa go v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone 'ũ̂nì 'ũ̂ there loc -ni -NMLZ -nom èsée, èsée actually part OK he when he went there, providentially he had a son there kúngwá kúngwá God n dílà dila answer v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùyó u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹ ǹ and conj mɔ́ɔ mɔ́ɔ child n 'ṹnì 'ũ̂ there loc -ni -NMLZ -nom saim001.076 212.520 213.430 Ibrahim kúngwá kúngwáa God n dílà dila answer v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùyó ù- 3PS- agp- yo be v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹ ǹ with conj mɔ́ɔ mɔ́ɔ child n providentially he had a son saim001.077 213.430 215.520 Ibrahim mɔ́ɔ mɔ́ɔ child n mánà mà- AGR4- ag- nà ART art dá'à, dá'à moreover adv ánà ánà when conj ùdúkwànà u- 3PS- agp- dukwa go v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone and that child, when he (Ubandawaki) had gone he said to the child wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone mɔ́ɔ mɔ́ɔ child n mánà mà- AGR4- ag- nà ART art saim001.078 215.520 217.480 Ibrahim àhyã̂a a- 3PP- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone wâayà u- 3PS- agp- aya come v -HL -IRR -vtone dúu... *dúu... *** *** dùkwànà dukwa go v -na -VENT -vent -L -L -L -INF -vtone he said he should go and prepare for him guineacorn (i.e. complete the harvest for him) Don't understand applicative here úlàpìlúː vì What is the 'duu' here? Is lapilu short for lapila wa vi? wâyà u- 3PS- agp- aya come v -HL -IRR -vtone úlàpìlàwá u- 3PS- agp- lapila prepare v -wa -APPL -appl -HL -IRR -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro ìdá'ũ̀ ì- NC3- nc- dá'ũ̀ guineacorn n saim001.079 218.200 221.470 Ibrahim èví éví 3PS.PRO pro ká'à ká'à now adv 'ũ̂, 'ũ̂ there loc ùré ù- NC7- nc- ré town n wúmpà ù- AGR7- ag- mpà this dem wùyã̂a u- AGR7- agv- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro he's there now, this town (i.e. the Acipu land) caused him a lot of trouble kúdōnù lit. it did him a lot sitting - shi ya yi masa yawa in zama the kudonu doesn't seem to add much meaning.Literally it is 'sitting'. Maybe it means s.t. like 'when he was there'? Or does it mean it was impossible for him to stay in the Acipa land? kùpílù kù- NC9- nc- pílù many n kúdòonù kù- NC9- nc- doonu sit_down v -L -COMPL -ntone saim001.080 222.070 223.690 Ibrahim túndà túndà since conj ìndúu ìndúu here_is pres ùbá'à u- 3PS- agp- bã'ã before v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùyã́a u- 3PS- agp- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone because he had just done wrong ba'a often seems to be better glossed as 'just' rather than 'already' kàlíipì kà- NC1- nc- líipì blame n saim001.081 224.540 227.910 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj sɔ́bɔ̀ sɔ́bɔ̀ because conj 'ínì 'ínì like_that adv mɔ́ɔ mɔ́ɔ child n máyà m- AGR4- agv- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone OK therefore the son prepared guineacorn for him màlápìlù vì Short for 'lapila wa vi'? màlápìlàwà ma- AGR4- agv- lapila prepare v -wa -APPL -appl -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro ìdá'ũ̀, ì- NC3- nc- dá'ũ̀ guineacorn n màlápìlàwà ma- AGR4- agv- lapila prepare v -wa -APPL -appl -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro ìdá'ũ̀ ì- NC3- nc- dá'ũ̀ guineacorn n saim001.082 228.160 234.870 Ibrahim ǹ ǹ and conj ùyôo, u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹ ǹ and conj ànáhànà a- 3PP- agp- naha leave v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yínà ì- AGR3- ag- nà REL rel when he (Ubandawaki) went, if they had forgiven him the things he had done, OK he would go back Not sure how this fits in with the son going to prepare gc ùyã̂anà, u- 3PS- agp- yãa do v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone tò, tò OK intj wúugìtànà u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- gita go_back v -na -VENT -vent -HL -IRR -vtone saim001.083 234.870 237.540 Ibrahim àmáa àmá but conj ǹ ǹ and conj ànáhànì a- 3PP- agp- naha leave v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone -ì 3PS.PRO pro ccé, CDup- 3PS.OBJ- vcl- cé NEG neg bá bá NEG neg tínà tì- AGR6- ag- nà ART art but if they hadn't forgiven him, there's no way for him to come back nàhánì ccé wúugìtànà u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- gita go_back v -na -VENT -vent -HL -IRR -vtone saim001.084 238.290 239.820 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj tùgwédè ti- 1PP- agp- gwede thank v -LHL -RLS -vtone kúngwá kúngwá God n OK thanks be to God Ib says this because he finished the story here - the rest is more discussion based on my requests for clarifications. saim001.085 239.820 242.650 Stuart é.... *é.... *** *** òkóo òkóo there_exists pres mòyíló mà- NC4- nc- yíló sacred n kóo...? *kóo... *** *** is it sacred? koo is Hausa saim001.086 242.650 243.400 Ibrahim òkóo òkóo there_exists pres mòyíló? mà- NC4- nc- yíló sacred n is it sacred...? echo question I think saim001.087 244.900 246.180 Stuart kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n the crocodile saim001.088 246.550 248.490 Ibrahim kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n òkóo òkóo there_exists pres mòyíló mà- NC4- nc- yíló sacred n gẽ̂i gẽ́i much adv crocodile is very sacred mòyìlò complement tone after okoo saim001.089 248.490 249.300 Stuart òkóo òkóo there_exists pres mòyíló mà- NC4- nc- yíló sacred n gẽ̂i? gẽ́i much adv crocodile is very sacred? saim001.090 248.940 251.240 Ibrahim ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj òkóo òkóo there_exists pres mòyíló mà- NC4- nc- yíló sacred n múuhúná m- AGR4- ag- ù- NC7- nc- huna kill v mè, m- AGR4- ag- ì COP cop kádà kádà don't proh there is, it is taboo of killing, don't kill it hùnà huna kill v -L -L -INF -vtone kwì kù- AGR9- ag- ì PRO ncpro saim001.091 251.790 253.240 Ibrahim ée 'ĩ́i yes intj mòyíló mà- NC4- nc- yíló sacred n méevì m- AGR4- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro kádà kádà don't proh hùnà huna kill v -L -L -INF -vtone kwì kù- AGR9- ag- ì PRO ncpro yes, its taboo (is) don't kill it saim001.092 254.120 255.810 Stuart hàn hànú where question 'ásù 'ásù place n lêe? lêe there loc where's that place? saim001.093 256.320 257.510 Ibrahim 'índè 'índè there loc màsíngí... *màsíngí... *** *** there in Masingii this is where they killed the crocodile, a river between Bazama and Dotti, there is a path up to the mountain there saim001.094 257.740 258.370 Stuart màsíngí...? *màsíngí... *** *** màsíngíi? saim001.095 258.300 260.510 Ibrahim ée 'ĩ́i yes intj màsíngí... *màsíngí... *** *** ǹ ǹ and conj cìcípù tì- NC6- nc- cípù Acipanci n màsíngí... *màsíngí... *** *** yes Masingii saim001.096 261.010 263.080 Ibrahim àmáa àmá but conj ǹ ǹ and conj tìkɔ́gɔ́ tì- NC6- nc- kɔ́gɔ́ Hausa_language n má'álbásí... *má'álbásí... *** *** in Cicipu Masingii but in Hausa Ma'albasi is this anything to do with singii 'hair'? saim001.097 263.900 267.760 Stuart àmáa àmá but conj òkóo, òkóo there_exists pres òkóo, òkóo there_exists pres kùsɔ̃́ɔ kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n but there's...there's...a pool saim001.098 267.990 269.070 Ibrahim òkóo òkóo there_exists pres kùsɔ̃́ɔ kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n there's a pool saim001.099 268.760 269.270 Stuart 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc géɗù géɗù high n up there saim001.100 269.330 272.510 Ibrahim ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc géɗù géɗù high n a̋ á LOC prep kùsã́a, kù- NC9- nc- sã́a mountain n ée 'ĩ́i yes intj òkóo òkóo there_exists pres kùsɔ̃́ɔ kù- NC9- nc- sɔ̃́ɔ pool n yes, up there on the mountain, there's a pool at Ruko'on a̋ á LOC prep rùkɔ̃́'ɔ̃̀ ri- NC3- nc- kɔ̃́'ɔ̃̀ pond n saim001.101 272.670 273.460 Stuart oh... *oh... *** *** rùkɔ̃́'ɔ̃̀ǃ ri- NC3- nc- kɔ̃́'ɔ̃̀ pond n oh Ruko'on! saim001.102 273.300 278.640 Ibrahim ée 'ĩ́i yes intj rùkɔ̃́'ɔ̃̀, ri- NC3- nc- kɔ̃́'ɔ̃̀ pond n tò tò OK intj dâamá... *dâamá... *** *** kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kúnà kù- AGR9- ag- nà ART art yes ruko'on, OK formerly the crocodile the crocodiles they were coming out there at Ruko'on going here Masingii nadukwani is this a-dukwa-na in the dependent form? note use of d'oo (here) with verb go rather than come. Also it is interesting that Masingii is not much closer to Galadima than Korisino as the crow flies, but it is in the valley not on the mountain so ɗoo is used. dâmà = Hausa for 'originally òyúpù à- NC2- nc- yúpù crocodile n hánà hà- AGR2- ag- nà ART art òyú a- 3PP- agp- yu CONT aux -LHL -RLS -vtone wùtònò uto rise v -na -VENT -vent -L -L -L -INF -vtone údùkwà ù- NC7- nc- dukwa go v -L -COMPL -ntone ǹ ǹ and conj àdùkwàní a- 3PP- agp- dukwa go v -na -VENT -vent -i -DEP -vaff ɗôo ɗôo here loc màsíngí... *màsíngí... *** *** saim001.103 279.830 281.960 Ibrahim àyú a- 3PP- agp- yu CONT aux -LHL -RLS -vtone wùtònò uto rise v -na -VENT -vent -L -L -L -INF -vtone 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc ɔ̋ á LOC prep rùkɔ̃́'ɔ̃̀ ri- NC3- nc- kɔ̃́'ɔ̃̀ pond n they were coming out there from the pool, going to here Masingi àdùkwání - check tone ǹ ǹ and conj àdùkwàní a- 3PP- agp- dukwa go v -na -VENT -vent -i -DEP -vaff ɗôo ɗôo here loc màsíngí... *màsíngí... *** *** saim001.104 281.960 282.940 Stuart sɔ́bɔ̀? sɔ́bɔ̀ because conj because...? saim001.105 282.940 286.790 Ibrahim sɔ́bɔ̀ sɔ́bɔ̀ because conj dà *dà *** *** ánà ánà when conj ùyónò u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc hàyã́a ha- AGR2- agv- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone because when it was there they were many, they were many there da yake can uyono may be expletive - couldn't get a referent from MY kùpílù kù- NC9- nc- pílù many n hàyã́a ha- AGR2- agv- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone kùpílù kù- NC9- nc- pílù many n 'úunì 'ũ̂ there loc -ni -NMLZ -nom saim001.106 286.790 289.360 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj háayà a- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone 'ánà 'ánà some.pl quant ázá à- NC2- nc- zá person n hàyíi ha- AGR2- agv- yu CONT aux -LHL -RLS -vtone sìmànà sima run v -na -VENT -vent -L -L -L -INF -vtone OK some ones were fleeing here to Masingii suna gudawani símànà alternatively hàyúu símànà or hòyôo úsímànàsímànà símànà sima run v -na -VENT -vent -L -L -L -INF -vtone ádùkwànà a- 3PP- agp- dukwa go v -na -VENT -vent -HL -IRR -vtone ɗôo màsíngí... ɗôo *màsíngí... here *** loc *** saim001.107 290.100 291.390 Ibrahim ée, 'ĩ́i yes intj sɔ́bɔ̀ sɔ́bɔ̀ because conj 'ínì 'ínì like_that adv vì v- AGR8- ag- ì COP cop it's because of that saim001.108 291.980 294.400 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj wíndànà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone èví éví 3PS.PRO pro wwɔ́mɔ́ Cdup- NC8- nc- wɔ́mɔ́ chief n ánà ánà when conj when the chief had seen it come down, he... Is the first 'ku' a mistake? Clear long /w/ on wwɔmɔ wíndànà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kù... *kù... *** *** kùtánnà ku- AGR9- agv- tanna descend v -LHL -RLS -vtone wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ù... *ù... *** *** saim001.109 294.400 297.990 Ibrahim wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùkáanànà u- 3PS- agp- kaanu send v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone àhyã̂a a- 3PP- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone kádà kádà don't proh he sent they said don't kill it they said and you took and killed (it) íhùnà i- 2PS.IRR- agpi- huna kill v -HL -IRR -vtone kwì kù- AGR9- ag- ì COP cop àhyã̂a a- 3PP- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone kúmá kùmà more quant kábà kaba take v -LHL -RLS -vtone húnà huna kill v -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.110 298.410 300.150 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj zzá nnà Cdup- NC8- nc- zá Cdup- personAGR8- n ag- nà REL rel àkáanànà a- 3PP- agp- kaanu send v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kúmà kùmà more quant èvì éví 3PS.PRO pro OK the one whom they sent he he didn't tell ùdámà u- 3PS- agp- dama tell v -LHL -RLS -vtone cè cé NEG neg saim001.111 300.600 302.130 Ibrahim èvì éví 3PS.PRO pro ùbàndàwàkì... *ùbàndàwàkì... *** *** ùdámà u- 3PS- agp- dama tell v -LHL -RLS -vtone cé cé NEG neg sáa sáa or conj zzá Cdup- NC8- nc- zá person n he Ubandawaki he didn't tell anyone Ubandawaki is the one that the chief elected to tell the rest of the valley. saim001.112 302.900 304.270 Ibrahim èrè éré 3PP.PRO pro háyà h- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àkábà a- 3PP- agp- kaba take v -LHL -RLS -vtone kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n them they took the crocodile and killed àhúnà a- 3PP- agp- huna kill v -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.113 304.780 306.490 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone érè éré 3PP.PRO pro àzá à- NC2- nc- zá person n hákàlíipì há- AGR2- ag- à- NC1- nc- líipì blame n OK you see they were the guilty people saim001.114 306.490 307.270 Stuart mmm... *mmm *** *** saim001.115 307.270 307.670 Ibrahim mmm... *mmm *** *** saim001.116 307.670 312.350 Stuart ùhyã̂a, u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùhyã̂a, u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone bâa báa there_is_no neg àzá à- NC2- nc- zá person n húulàpà? a- 3PP- agp- u- FUT- tns- lapa know v -HL -IRR -vtone he thought....he thought there's no-one will know? not good Cicipu saim001.117 312.350 316.060 Ibrahim ée 'ĩ́i yes intj bá bá NEG neg zzá Cdup- NC8- nc- zá person n yâuwá... *yâuwá... *** *** bá, bá NEG neg ùdámà u- 3PS- agp- dama tell v -LHL -RLS -vtone he announced (Ubandawaki) he said they (the people) shouldn't kill it, he and Araba ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone kádà kádà don't proh áhùnà a- 3PP- agp- huna kill v -HL -IRR -vtone kwì, kù- AGR9- ag- ì PRO ncpro érè éré 3PP.PRO pro àrábà... *àrábà... *** *** saim001.118 316.060 319.190 Ibrahim báa báa there_is_no neg zzá Cdup- NC8- nc- zá person n nnà Cdup- AGR8- ag- nà REL rel lápànà lapa know v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone érè éré 3PP.PRO pro árábà..., *árábà... *** *** there was no-one who knew, he and Araba, they two people Note use of relative -na with non-specific NP. Therefore not tied semantically to the definite article with which it is formally identical. éré éré 3PP.PRO pro zzá Cdup- NC8- nc- zá person n yápù yápù two num saim001.119 319.500 320.860 Ibrahim àmáa àmá but conj víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone báa báa there_is_no neg zzá Cdup- NC8- nc- zá person n nnà Cdup- AGR8- ag- nà REL rel but you see there's no one who knew lápànà lapa know v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.120 321.180 323.810 Ibrahim àmáa àmá but conj ǹ ǹ and conj ùyónò, u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone òkóo òkóo there_exists pres kúngwá kúngwá God n víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone but when he/it(?) was, there is God you see people knew When he/it was what? nuyono was translated as 'in da yake'. The u- could be impersonal agreement here. The structure here is not clear to me àzá à- NC2- nc- zá person n àlápà a- 3PP- agp- lapa know v -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.121 324.320 328.300 Ibrahim àzá à- NC2- nc- zá person n àlápà a- 3PP- agp- lapa know v -LHL -RLS -vtone gẽ̂i, gẽ́i much adv hálì hálì even adv wwɔ́mɔ́ Cdup- NC8- nc- wɔ́mɔ́ chief n many people knew, even the chief of the town knew, even Ubankasa knew vúuré vì- AGR8- ag- ù- NC7- nc- ré town n lápà, lapa know v -LHL -RLS -vtone hálì hálì even adv ùbánkásá ùbánkásá elder_k.o. n lápà lapa know v -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.122 328.740 329.920 Ibrahim víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone kàdámá kà- NC1- nc- dámá word n káyà ka- AGR1- agv- aya come v -HL -IRR -vtone gẽ̂i gẽ́i much adv you see the word arrived a lot Don't understand the tone on kaya... could it be 'come' rather than 'arrive'? saim001.123 329.920 332.480 Stuart kòɗûu kà- NC1- nc- ɗûu heart n kéevì kà- AGR1- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro kàlángwà? ka- AGR1- agv- langwa spoil v -LHL -RLS -vtone his heart spoiled? saim001.124 332.480 334.740 Ibrahim kòɗûu kà- NC1- nc- ɗûu heart n kéevì kà- AGR1- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro kàlángwà ka- AGR1- agv- langwa spoil v -LHL -RLS -vtone ée 'ĩ́i yes intj wwɔ́mɔ́ Cdup- NC8- nc- wɔ́mɔ́ chief n kòɗûu kà- NC1- nc- ɗûu heart n his heart spoiled, yes the chief his heart spoiled kéevì kà- AGR1- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro kàlángwà ka- AGR1- agv- langwa spoil v -LHL -RLS -vtone saim001.125 334.740 336.510 Ibrahim wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùrâa u- 3PS- agp- raa eat v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì, vì 3PS.PRO pro ùrâa u- 3PS- agp- raa eat v -LHL -RLS -vtone rè rè 3PP.PRO pro he fined him...he fined them saim001.126 336.820 338.540 Ibrahim ùrâa u- 3PS- agp- raa eat v -LHL -RLS -vtone sáa sáa or conj yànú yàanú who question kɔ́ɔɓí kà- NC1- nc- ɔ́ɓí he_goat n kòtórìhĩ̀ kò- AGR1- ag- tóríhĩ̀ six num he fined each one six male goats The chief didn't want or need money (what would he buy?) but the goats can be used for sacrifice and eating saim001.127 338.970 341.870 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj ùráanà u- 3PS- agp- raa eat v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone s... *s... *** *** ùrâa u- 3PS- agp- raa eat v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùbàndàwàkì... *ùbàndàwàkì... *** *** when he fined... he fined Ubandawaki six male goats is koobi nc1 or nc9? I had kutorihin before here and in other places in this story kɔ́ɔɓí kà- NC1- nc- ɔ́ɓí goat, he- n kòtórìhĩ̀ kò- AGR1- ag- tóríhĩ̀ six num saim001.128 342.040 344.480 Ibrahim wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùrâa u- 3PS- agp- raa eat v -LHL -RLS -vtone árábà... *árábà... *** *** kɔ́ɔɓí kà- NC1- nc- ɔ́ɓí he_goat n he fined Araba six male goats kòtórìhĩ̀ kò- AGR1- ag- tóríhĩ̀ six num saim001.129 345.060 347.630 Ibrahim tò, tò OK intj èví éví 3PS.PRO pro ùbánkásá ùbánkásá elder_k.o. n wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùrâa rè u- 3PS- agp- raa eat v -L -HL rè -RLS 3PP.PRO -vtoneppro OK he Ubankasa also fined them money kúmá kùmà more quant ícìnjì ì- NC3- nc- cìnjì money n saim001.130 347.980 348.790 Ibrahim háyà, h- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àbíyà a- 3PP- agp- biya pay v -LHL -RLS -vtone they came, they paid saim001.131 348.960 350.440 Ibrahim ánà ánà when conj àbíyànà a- 3PP- agp- biya pay v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone háyà h- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àhyã̂a a- 3PP- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone when they paid, they said it wasn't enough lit it didn't arrive. The i- agreement on iyaa is because it is money I think. ìyã̂a i- AGR3- agv- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone cè cé NEG neg saim001.132 350.760 351.940 Ibrahim sée sée unless conj ǹ ǹ and conj è'ésènù a- 3PP- agp- 'esenu add v -LHL -RLS -vtone yímbɔ̃̀ ì- AGR3- ag- mbɔ̃̀ another adj they had to add more Why realis not subjunctive? headless modifier saim001.133 352.090 353.380 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj èví éví 3PS.PRO pro ùbándáwàkí... *ùbándáwàkí... *** *** wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùsímà u- 3PS- agp- sima run v -LHL -RLS -vtone OK he Ubandawaki fled saim001.134 353.880 357.400 Ibrahim àmá àmá but conj éví éví 3PS.PRO pro árábà..., *árábà... *** *** ùsímà u- 3PS- agp- sima run v -LHL -RLS -vtone cé, cé NEG neg èvì éví 3PS.PRO pro ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone wúusìmà u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- sima run v -HL -IRR -vtone cè cé NEG neg but he Araba he didn't flee, he he thought he wouldn't flee saim001.135 357.840 359.250 Ibrahim èvì éví 3PS.PRO pro ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone wúusìmà u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- sima run v -HL -IRR -vtone cé, cé NEG neg èví éví 3PS.PRO pro kàm kàm definitely ideo he he thought he wouldn't flee, he for sure saim001.136 359.340 362.010 Ibrahim túndà túndà since conj gó gó TOP part kàlíipì kà- NC1- nc- líipì blame n àbá'à a- 3PP- agp- bã'ã before v -LHL -RLS -vtone because the wrong, they had done it, he he wouldn't flee Araba knew he'd done wrong and decided to cut his losses. òyã̂a a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone kè, kà- AGR1- ag- ì PRO ncpro èví éví 3PS.PRO pro wúusìmà u- 3PS- agp- u- FUT- tns- sima run v -HL -IRR -vtone cè cé NEG neg saim001.137 362.340 363.450 Ibrahim túndà túndà since conj gò gó TOP part húupàɗà a- 3PP- agp- u- FUT- tns- paɗa slaughter v -HL -IRR -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro cè cé NEG neg because they wouldn't execute him pàɗì saim001.138 364.070 364.810 Ibrahim tò tò OK intj víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone kóo? kóo or conj you see? saim001.139 364.810 365.700 Stuart ée 'ĩ́i yes intj míndà m- 1PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone yes I see saim001.140 365.700 366.470 Ibrahim yâuwáa...ǃ *yâuwáa... *** *** fine! 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