saat002.004 saat002.004.001 0.000 1.350 Ayuba mísòoní mísòoní story n mísòoní mísòoní story n víɗɗò vì- AGR8- ag- ɗɗò 2PP.POSS ppro saat002.004.002 0.990 1.910 Children míi... *míi... *** *** mìi... *mìi... *** *** saat002.004.003 1.850 2.740 Ayuba àyá aya come v -LH -IMP -vtone túyòonò ti- 1PP- agp- yoo go v -na -VENT -vent -HL -IRR -vtone Come let's go saat002.004.004 2.740 3.580 Children hói... *hói... *** *** hòi... *hòi... *** *** saat002.004.005 3.640 5.610 Ayuba tò tò OK intj àyã̂a a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone wúnà wú- 3PS- daff- nà ART art zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n érè éré 3PP.PRO pro zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n yápù yápù two num OK they did a certain person they two people saat002.004.006 6.360 9.290 Ayuba àzá à- NC2- nc- zá person n héllè hà- AGR2- ag- llè that dem vésì, vésì too adv ere *ere *** *** àzá à- NC2- nc- zá person n ǹkácí m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n mì m- AGR5- ag- ì COP cop kùmà kùmà more quant these people were hunters too 'he' could replace 'mi' here. 'Mi' is an interesting possibility as inkacii does not seem to be a head noun. I think the 'hunters too' is because Ayuba told this tale immediately after saat002.003 which is also about a hunter saat002.004.007 10.090 13.440 Ayuba tò tò OK intj dègèlêe, dègèlée then conj èré éré 3PP.PRO pro ǹkácí m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n OK they were hunting saat002.004.008 14.310 15.400 Ayuba sée sée unless conj zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n ttò CDup- AGR8- ag- tò one numadj hyã̂anà hyãa say v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone tò tò OK intj then one said OK saat002.004.009 15.540 17.490 Ayuba ǹɗâa m- 1PS- agp- ɗaa surpass v -LHL -RLS -vtone vù vù 2PS.SG pro ǹlávù, m̀- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n émpè émpè this pro hyã̂a hyãa say v -LH -IMP -vtone á'à á'à no intj ǹɗâa m- 1PS- agp- ɗaa surpass v -LHL -RLS -vtone vù vù 2PS.SG pro ǹlávù m̀- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n I'm a better sleeper than you, the other said no I'm a better sleeper than you saat002.004.010 18.280 20.390 Ayuba tò tò OK intj dègèlêe dègèlée then conj háyà h- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àyã̂a a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone gàddámà... *gàddámà... *** *** OK then they did a dispute gaddama is Hausa saat002.004.011 20.910 24.160 Ayuba tò tò OK intj dègèlêe dègèlée then conj ánà ánà when conj àyã̂anà a- 3PP- agp- yãa do v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone gàddámà..., *gàddámà... *** *** sáa sáa or conj yàanú yàanú who question ǹ ǹ and conj ùdúkwà u- 3PS- agp- dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹkácí, m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n sáa sáa or conj yàanú yàanú who question ǹ ǹ and conj ùdúkwà u- 3PS- agp- dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹkácí m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n OK then when they had made an agreement, each one when he went hunting, each one when he went hunting saat002.004.012 24.170 26.260 Ayuba ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone tò tò OK intj ágwàdà, a- 3PP- agp- gwada measure v -HL -IRR -vtone hûndà a- 3PP- agp- inda see v -HL -IRR -vtone zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n nnà CDup- AGR8- ag- nà ART art ɗâanà ɗaa surpass v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone he said OK they would measure to see the person who was the best saat002.004.013 26.760 31.880 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj àgwádànà, a- 3PP- agp- gwada measure v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone tò tò OK intj dègèlêe, dègèlée then conj zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n ttò CDup- AGR8- ag- tò one numadj dúkwà dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone ù'ítù u- 3PS- agp- 'itu lie_down v -LHL -RLS -vtone kùjénè kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n when they measured, OK then one person when and lay down in the river saat002.004.014 32.650 36.510 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj ù'ítùnà u- 3PS- agp- 'itu lie_down v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kùjénè, kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n dègèlêe dègèlée then conj kùjénè kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n báa báa there_is_no neg mòní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n sée sée unless conj kùyũ̀yũ̂ kù- NC9- nc- yũ̀yũ̂ sand n kùnínnîi kù- AGR9- ag- nínnîi alone adj? when he lay down in the river, then the river had no water, just sand only saat002.004.015 36.750 38.740 Ayuba ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹlávù, m̀- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹlávù, m̀- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹlávù m̀- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n he fell asleep, he fell asleep, he fell asleep why repetition if inchoative? saat002.004.016 39.040 43.200 Ayuba zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n ttò CDup- AGR8- ag- tò one numadj víllè vì- AGR8- ag- llè that dem kúmá, kùmà more quant évì éví 3PS.PRO pro ùdúkwà u- 3PS- agp- dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone géɗù, géɗù high n a̋ a̋ LOC prep kóttúdù, kà- NC1- nc- ttúdù ridge n ù'ítù u- 3PS- agp- 'itu lie_down v -LHL -RLS -vtone a̋ a̋ LOC prep cúkṹu tì- NC6- nc- kṹu stalk n tűuɗángà ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- ɗángà tree n that one he went up on the bank, he lay down at the base of a tree note how kotidu is used to mean high place relative to the river, not absolutely saat002.004.017 43.630 45.990 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj ù'ítùnà, u- 3PS- agp- 'itu lie_down v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone kúmá kùmà more quant ǹlávù m̀- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n when he lay down, he too fell asleep saat002.004.018 46.100 47.320 Ayuba hárì hár until conj kàkúyá kà- NC1- nc- kúyá termite n káyà ka- AGR1- agv- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone kàkáɓà ka- AGR1- agv- kaɓa catch v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro then a termite took hold of him kàkwíyà is used in the singular here, but the meaning is plural the meaning of kab'a was demonstrated by the way my mic stand held fast the mic. saat002.004.019 48.040 49.620 Ayuba lápà lapa know v -LHL -RLS -vtone ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yi̋kákúyá i̋- AGR3.GEN- aggen- kà- NC1- nc- kúyá termite n kámpà kà- AGR1- ag- mpà this dem kàpénêu? kà- AGR1- ag- pénêu large adj you know this kind of big termite? saat002.004.020 49.320 50.130 Ibrahim zógò... *zógò... *** *** vímpà? vì- AGR8- ag- mpà this dem this termite? zago is Hausa, a kind of large white ant according to Bargery saat002.004.021 49.820 51.410 Ayuba zógò... *zógò... *** *** vímpà vì- AGR8- ag- mpà this dem váyà vi- AGR8- agv- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone vìkáɓà vi- AGR8- agv- kaɓa catch v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro this termite came and took hold of him saat002.004.022 51.410 52.120 Ibrahim káyà ka- AGR1- agv- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone kàkáɓà? ka- AGR1- agv- kaɓa catch v -LHL -RLS -vtone It came and took him Again, meaning is plural. Note interesting mix of agreement markers. vi for dogo, ka- for kakwiya. Both Ibrahim's question and Ayuba's answer are clearly anaphoric gender agreement. saat002.004.023 51.950 54.630 Ayuba káyà ka- AGR1- agv- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone kàkáɓà ka- AGR1- agv- kaɓa catch v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro põ̂ põ̂ all quant évì éví 3PS.PRO pro báa báa there_is_no neg ùzúngwà u- 3PS- agp- zungwa wake_up v -LHL -RLS -vtone ńlàvù a̋ LOC prep ǹ- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n this termite (mound) came and took hold of him, they completely enclosed him, he didn't wake up from sleep is this wake up 'from' sleep with a tonal perturbation? saat002.004.024 55.190 57.480 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj kàkáɓànà ka- AGR1- agv- kaɓa catch v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone vì, vì 3PS.PRO pro èvì éví 3PS.PRO pro 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc ńlàvù a̋ LOC prep ǹ- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n when it enclosed him, he was there asleep is this 'in' sleep with a tonal perturbation? saat002.004.025 58.000 59.400 Ayuba dègèlêe dègèlée then conj ddíyò CDup- NC8- nc- díyò grasscutter n wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone kóocì kù- NC9- nc- ócì hole n then a grasscutter did a hole see person agreement used with nc8 for no particular reason saat002.004.026 60.330 61.620 Ayuba 'ásù 'ásù place n wúnà wú- AGR7- ag- nà ART art vìkóndò vi- AGR8- agv- kondo enter v -LHL -RLS -vtone a place it entered Here we have anaphoric agreement inside an object relative clause. saat002.004.027 62.210 64.310 Ayuba tò tò OK intj ónɗò ónɗò this pro zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n nnà CDup- AGR8- ag- nà ART art 'ítùnà 'itu lie_down v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone kúmá kùmà more quant kùjénè kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n OK that one who lay down at the river ond'o could be interpreted in Tidipo as 'that 'back' one'. This deictic often has the sense of 'that other one' saat002.004.028 64.310 66.310 Ayuba èvì éví 3PS.PRO pro ńlàvù a̋ LOC prep ǹ- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n dègèlêe dègèlée then conj kúngwá kúngwá God n ùyɔ́'ɔ̀nɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- yɔ'ɔ rain v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone móní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n he was asleep then it rained down Clear case of person agreement after a noun without a pause. saat002.004.029 66.480 68.780 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj kúngwá kúngwá God n yɔ́'ɔ̀nɔ̀ yɔ'ɔ rain v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone móní, mà- NC4- nc- ní water n èvì éví 3PS.PRO pro ù'ítúuní ù- NC7- nc- 'itu lie_down v -ni -NMLZ -nom when it rained down, he was asleep saat002.004.030 69.220 72.020 Ayuba kùjénè kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n kùsúngwànà ku- AGR9- agv- sungwa be_sated v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone móní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n hárì hár until conj mòní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n máyà m- AGR4- agv- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone màkábà ma- AGR4- agv- kaba take v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro ùlápà u- 3PS- agp- lapa know v -LHL -RLS -vtone cé cé NEG neg the river filled with water, even water took him he didn't know Good example for contrasting tone on subj and obj for moni. saat002.004.031 72.370 74.490 Ayuba dègèlêe dègèlée then conj sée sée unless conj kékkèyénéyénè ké- NC1- nc- kè- NC1- nc- yénè catfish n yénè catfish n káyànà ka- AGR1- agv- aya come v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone kɔ̀sɔ́ɗù ka- AGR1- agv- sɔɗu swallow v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro then a big catfish came and swallowed him kékkèyénéyénè - is nc1, it is a big catfish. You could also have nc4 or nc8 I think. The nc8 seems to be the more general term. The reduplication is interesting for nc1 derivational purposes saat002.004.032 74.870 77.320 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj kɔ̀sɔ́ɗùnɔ̀ ka- AGR1- agv- sɔɗu swallow v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone vì, vì 3PS.PRO pro kèyénè kà- NC1- nc- yénè catfish n ú'wàa ù- NC7- nc- 'waa pass v -L -COMPL -ntone údɔ̀nɔ̀ ù- NC7- nc- dɔnɔ follow v -L -COMPL -ntone móní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n when it had swallowed him, the catfish going following the water. both u'waa and udɔnɔ are gerunds, so it's not person agreement. It is however an interesting construction because there's no finite verb. Also, in MY's explanation of the movement of the fish, he quickly switched to person agreement. saat002.004.033 77.630 81.000 Ayuba sée sée unless conj gà... *gà... *** *** kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kùmà kùmà more quant kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kwáyà ku- AGR9- agv- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone kúmá, kùmà more quant kúndà ku- AGR9- agv- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone yénè yénè catfish n kwáyà ku- AGR9- agv- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone kùsɔ́ɗù ku- AGR9- agv- sɔɗu swallow v -LHL -RLS -vtone kúmá kùmà more quant then a crocodile too saw the catfish it swallowed it too. note when there is no need to specify the big size of the catfish, the nc1 prefix is dropped. Note anaphoric use of gender agreement on kunda, there is a definite pause here saat002.004.034 81.120 81.620 Ibrahim á'áǃ á'á surprise intj No! saat002.004.035 81.590 83.080 Ayuba kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kúmá kùmà more quant lêe lêe there loc údɔ̀nɔ̀ ù- NC7- nc- dɔnɔ follow v -L -COMPL -ntone móní mà- NC4- nc- ní water n the crocodile too was there following the water saat002.004.036 83.090 85.670 Ayuba sée sée unless conj gà... *gà... *** *** dòorínà dòorínà hippo n kúmá kùmà more quant dòorínà dòorínà hippo n wíndà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n kúmá kùmà more quant wǎayà u- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùsɔ́ɗù u- 3PS- agp- sɔɗu swallow v -LHL -RLS -vtone then a hippo saw the crocodile and swallowed it person agreement on nc8 hippo, whereas this didn't happen for nc9 crocodile - class effect saat002.004.037 86.090 87.240 Ayuba víndà v- 2PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yàaní yàanú who question lêe? lêe there loc you see how many things there? saat002.004.038 87.412 88.036 Ibrahim ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yìnósì? ì- AGR3- ag- nósì four num four things? including the water saat002.004.039 87.919 90.584 Ayuba ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n yìnósì ì- AGR3- ag- nósì four num kóo? kóo or conj tò tò OK intj èví éví 3PS.PRO pro éllè éllè that_one pro èví éví 3PS.PRO pro 'ũ̂ 'ũ̂ there loc géɗù géɗù high n four things? OK him that one him up there the one in the termite mound saat002.004.040 90.584 94.042 Ayuba ù'ítúuní ù- NC7- nc- 'itu lie_down v -ni -NMLZ -nom hárì hár until conj kàkúyá kà- NC1- nc- kúyá termite n kàkáɓà, ka- AGR1- agv- kaɓa catch v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone hárákà hárákà everyday_business n véevì v- AGR8- ag- évì 3PS.POSS ppro vi̋ńlávù vi̋- AGR8.GEN- aggen- m̀- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n sleeping the termites enclosed, he went on with his business of sleeping There is a ka- before hari. Is this a mistake? saat002.004.041 96.226 98.592 Ayuba tò tò OK intj sée sée unless conj gà... *gà... *** *** àzá à- NC2- nc- zá person n ha̋ńkácí ha̋- AGR2.GEN- aggen- m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n mímbɔ̃̀ mì- AGR5- ag- mbɔ̃̀ another adj kúmá kùmà more quant OK there were some other hunters saat002.004.042 98.657 101.998 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj hútònnò a- 3PP- agp- uto rise v -n -VENT -vent -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹkácí, m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n émpè émpè this pro dúkwà dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹkácí, m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n émpè émpè this pro síyã̂a si- HAB- asp- yãa do v ǹkácí m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n mi̋ttúdù mi̋- AGR5.GEN- aggen- ttúdù ridge n when they came out hunting, this one was doing hunting on the bank Good example of action towards the deictic centre of the story with directional verb. hútònnò saat002.004.043 102.011 103.610 Ayuba émpè émpè this pro síyã̂a si- HAB- asp- yãa do v kúmá kùmà more quant műugálù mi̋- AGR5.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- gálù side n kùjénè kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n that one was doing (hunting) of the side of the river Good example of no agreement at all on the verb, no sign of a hidden /u/ affecting the vowel quality of empe. nice example of a headless possessive. saat002.004.044 104.026 107.120 Ayuba tò tò OK intj dègèlêe, dègèlée then conj zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n ttò CDup- AGR8- ag- tò one numadj dúwà duwa put v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùdúkwà u- 3PS- agp- dukwa go v -LHL -RLS -vtone ǹkácí, m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n ánà ánà when conj ùdúkwànà u- 3PS- agp- dukwa go v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone OK then one person decided to go hunting, when he went is the duwa something like 'put into action'? saat002.004.045 107.120 109.356 Ayuba wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone wíndà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone kóocì kù- NC9- nc- ócì hole n kűddíyò kű- AGR9.GEN- aggen- CDup- NC8- nc- díyò grasscutter n a̋ a̋ LOC prep cúkṹu tì- NC6- nc- kṹu stalk n tűuɗángà ti̋- AGR6.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- ɗángà tree n he saw the hole of the grasscutter at the base of the tree saat002.004.046 109.473 112.788 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj wíndànà, u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone mòhínò, mà- NC4- nc- hino digging n ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone mòhínò, mà- NC4- nc- hino digging n ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone mòhínò mà- NC4- nc- hino digging n when he saw, he started digging, he started digging, he started digging saat002.004.047 113.061 114.738 Ayuba wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone wíndà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone ìtóndó ì- NC3- nc- tóndó tick n úyã̀a ù- NC7- nc- yãa do v -L -COMPL -ntone kűwútónó kű- AGR9.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- uto rise v -na -VENT -vent he saw ticks doing coming out I think we get the same construction for the rats in the story about the hunting. saat002.004.048 114.751 117.728 Ayuba tò tò OK intj ánà ánà when conj wǐndànà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone ìtóndó ì- NC3- nc- tóndó tick n úyã̀a ù- NC7- nc- yãa do v -L -COMPL -ntone kűwútónó, kű- AGR9.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- uto rise v -na -VENT -vent ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone léllé léllé indeed adv a̋ a̋ LOC prep kóocì kù- NC9- nc- ócì hole n kúmpà kù- AGR9- ag- mpà this dem àkwái òkóo there_exists pres ìrí ì- NC3- nc- rí thing n OK when he saw ticks doing coming out, he thought truly there are things in this hole saat002.004.049 118.352 120.926 Ayuba sée sée unless conj gó gó TOP part újòkòrònò, u- 3PS- agp- jokoro dig_up v -na -VENT -vent -HL -IRR -vtone ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone mòhínò, mà- NC4- nc- hino digging n ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone mòhínò mà- NC4- nc- hino digging n he had to dig it up, he started digging, he started digging sai dai ya tono - tono is Hausa for dig up, unearth. Is jokoro the lexeme? The elicitation was very confused at this point. saat002.004.050 121.238 122.642 Ayuba wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùcínà u- 3PS- agp- cina collect v -LHL -RLS -vtone ddíyò CDup- NC8- nc- díyò grasscutter n ùhúnà u- 3PS- agp- huna kill v -LHL -RLS -vtone he reached the grasscutter and killed it Definite long d here saat002.004.051 122.720 126.529 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj ùhúnànà, u- 3PS- agp- huna kill v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone wíndà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone kóocì kù- NC9- nc- ócì hole n kù'wâa ku- AGR9- agv- 'waa pass v -LHL -RLS -vtone céelímé, tì- NC6- nc- élímé in_front_of n ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone mòhínò, mà- NC4- nc- hino digging n ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone mòhínò mà- NC4- nc- hino dig v when he killed it, he saw a hole going forwards, he started digging, he started digging hánà - there seems to be a fair amount of free variation with h or no h before vowel-initial words. saat002.004.052 126.945 127.686 Ayuba èví éví 3PS.PRO pro a̋ a̋ LOC prep móhínó mà- NC4- nc- hino digging n he was digging saat002.004.053 127.699 129.128 Ayuba sée sée unless conj kùbéyí kù- NC9- nc- béyí hoe n kùsá'ũ̀nà ku- AGR9- agv- sɔ'ũ touch v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone zzá'índè zzá'índè that_one dem then the hoe touched that one Like yaan, there is an Orthographic problem when a nasal vowel is followed by -na. Phonetically this is a single n. Perfective or directional? saat002.004.054 129.128 131.131 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj kùsá'ũ̀nà ku- AGR9- agv- sɔ'ũ touch v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone vì, vì 3PS.PRO pro kùgáatànà ku- AGR9- agv- gaata cut v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone vì vì 3PS.PRO pro címmã̀i címmã̀i little adv when it touched him, it cut him a little directional? saat002.004.055 131.313 134.316 Ayuba wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone á'áǃ á'á surprise intj kâiǃ kâi excl intj yàaní yàanú who question ùyónò u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone úlàngwà ù- NC7- nc- langwa spoil v -L -COMPL -ntone mù mù 1PS.PRO pro ǹlávù m̀- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n hínà? hínà TOP part he said a'a! kai! who is spoiling me sleep? tones rushed together here. saat002.004.056 134.706 136.773 Ayuba dègèlêe dègèlée then conj sée sée unless conj ùzúngwànà u- 3PS- agp- zungwa wake_up v -na -VENT -vent -LHL -RLS -vtone then he woke up is there a contrast between súu which is underlyingly as below, and súu which is underlyingly a subjunctive person prefix? get translation sée u = súu saat002.004.057 137.358 141.180 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj ùzúngwànà, u- 3PS- agp- zungwa wake_up v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone émpè émpè this pro kúmá kùmà more quant zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n nnà CDup- AGR8- ag- nà ART art ùyónò u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone ù'ítúuní ù- NC7- nc- 'itu lie_down v -ni -NMLZ -nom a̋ a̋ LOC prep kújénè kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n when he woke up, that one too the one who was lying in the river saat002.004.058 141.453 144.742 Ayuba tò tò OK intj sée sée unless conj gà... *gà... *** *** zzá CDup- NC8- nc- zá person n vi̋nkácí vi̋- AGR8.GEN- aggen- m̀- NC5- nc- kácí hunting n mi̋irímpàanì mi̋- AGR5.GEN- aggen- ì- NC3- nc- rímpàanì this_thing n kúmá kùmà more quant műugálù mi̋- AGR5.GEN- aggen- ù- NC7- nc- gálù side n kùjénè kù- NC9- nc- jénè river n OK there was a hunter too of the side of the river I don't think there's a long wu- before kujene, so no agreement I guess. saat002.004.059 145.717 149.396 Ayuba tò tò OK intj dègèlêe ánà dègèlée then conj wíndànà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone dòorínà dòorínà hippo n ǹ ǹ and conj kàhĩ́'ĩ̀ kà- NC1- nc- hĩ́'ĩ̀ night n OK then when he saw the hippo at night saat002.004.060 149.448 152.490 Ayuba ǹ ǹ and conj vìyã̂a vi- AGR8- agv- yãa do v -LHL -RLS -vtone kàkíiwò ka- AGR1- agv- kiiwo graze v -LHL -RLS -vtone lápà lapa know v -LHL -RLS -vtone vìsìkúmbànà vi- AGR8- agv- si- HAB- asp- kumba climb v -na -VENT -vent géɗù géɗù high n a̋ a̋ LOC prep kóttúdù kà- NC1- nc- ttúdù ridge n when it does grazing, you know it climbs up on the bank non-human anaphoric gender agreement kiwo is Hausa for grazing saat002.004.061 152.815 154.778 Ayuba tò tò OK intj dègèlêe dègèlée then conj wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone wíndà u- 3PS- agp- inda see v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì v- AGR8- ag- ì PRO ncpro wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ùtã̂a u- 3PS- agp- tãa shoot v -LHL -RLS -vtone vì v- AGR8- ag- ì PRO ncpro ǹ ǹ and conj bíndígà bíndígà gun n OK then he saw it he shot it with a gun these are not windi vi, so they are gender pronouns not personal pronoun saat002.004.062 154.778 156.455 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj ùtã̂anà u- 3PS- agp- tãa shoot v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone vì v- AGR8- ag- ì PRO ncpro gáyàuǃ gáyàu bang ideo when he shot it kaboom! saat002.004.063 157.014 160.602 Ayuba dègèlêe dègèlée then conj wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ù'íngò u- 3PS- agp- 'ingo go_home v -LHL -RLS -vtone kwã́a'ã́ kwã́a'ã́ day n kùwã́awà, ku- AGR9- agv- wãawa recover v -LHL -RLS -vtone ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone kámìnà, kà- NC1- nc- mina skin v ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone kámìnà, kà- NC1- nc- mina skin v ù'ɔ́pɔ̀ u- 3PS- agp- 'ɔpɔ hold v -LHL -RLS -vtone kámìnà kà- NC1- nc- mina skin v he left, day dawned, he started skinning, he started skinning, he started skinning don't understand tone on kamina saat002.004.064 160.615 163.085 Ayuba ǹ ǹ and conj àmìní, a- 3PP- agp- mina skin v -i -DEP -vaff sée sée unless conj àzâanà a- 3PP- agp- zaa see v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone dáɗà dá'à moreover adv ìrímpàaní ì- NC3- nc- rímpàanì this_thing n when they were skinning, they saw this thing dependent form nàmìníi is used because they were in the process of skinning it when they saw the croc. saat002.004.065 163.358 165.646 Ayuba àzâanà a- 3PP- agp- zaa see v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone yénè, yénè catfish n ìrímpàaní ì- NC3- nc- rímpàanì this_thing n kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n they saw this thing the crocodile inside saat002.004.066 166.062 169.182 Ayuba ánà ánà when conj àmínànà a- 3PP- agp- mina skin v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone dòorínà, dòorínà hippo n àzâa a- 3PP- agp- zaa see v -LHL -RLS -vtone kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n when they had skinned the hippo, they saw the crocodile inside saat002.004.067 169.620 171.652 Ayuba àzá à- NC2- nc- zá person n ha̋kámíná ha̋- AGR2.GEN- aggen- kà- NC1- nc- mina skin v hánà hà- AGR2- ag- nà ART art kúmá, kùmà more quant ǹ ǹ and conj àmìní a- 3PP- agp- mina skin v -i -DEP -vaff kùyúpù kù- NC9- nc- yúpù crocodile n and the people skinning, when they were skinning the crocodile saat002.004.068 171.678 173.563 Ayuba háyà h- 3PP- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone àzâa a- 3PP- agp- zaa see v -LHL -RLS -vtone yénè yénè catfish n cìmé'ĩ̀ tì- NC6- nc- mé'ĩ̀ inside n kúmá kùmà more quant yénè yénè catfish n ppénêu CDup- AGR8- ag- pénêu large adj they saw a catfish inside, a big catfish Long consonant nc8 gender agreement on adjective saat002.004.069 173.862 177.840 Ayuba ǹ ǹ and conj àmìní a- 3PP- agp- mina skin v -i -DEP -vaff yénè yénè catfish n nnà CDup- AGR8- ag- nà ART art kúmá, kùmà more quant màkántú mà- NC4- nc- kántú knife n dáɗà dá'à moreover adv mǎyà m- AGR4- agv- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone màsá'ũ̀ ma- AGR4- agv- sɔ'ũ touch v -LHL -RLS -vtone zzá'índè zzá'índè that_one dem kúmá kùmà more quant ńlàvù a̋ LOC prep ǹ- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n when they were skinning the catfish too, the knife touched that one too asleep saat002.004.070 177.840 180.635 Ayuba ùhyã̂a u- 3PS- agp- hyãa say v -LHL -RLS -vtone á'áǃ á'á surprise intj kâiǃ kâi excl intj yàaní yàanú who question ùyónò u- 3PS- agp- yo be v -na -PFV -asp -LHL -RLS -vtone úlàngwà ù- NC7- nc- langwa spoil v -L -COMPL -ntone mù mù 1PS.PRO pro ǹlávù m̀- NC5- nc- lávù sleep n he said a'a! kai! who's spoiling me sleep? note this is the same construction as found in the song about the people spoiling the mountain sung at ro'o - no extra -wa after langwa, and apparently two objects. saat002.004.071 180.635 181.950 Ayuba dègèlêe dègèlée then conj kúmá kùmà more quant wáyà w- 3PS- agp- aya come v -LHL -RLS -vtone ù'úngò u- 3PS- agp- 'ungo rise v -LHL -RLS -vtone then he got up saat002.004.072 182.230 184.280 Ayuba tò tò OK intj dègèlêe dègèlée then conj kòmísòoní kò- NC1- nc- mísòoní story n jùngònûǃ jungonu shut v -LH -IMP -vtone story close ../audio/saat002_file04.mp3 audio/x-wav